| 针对少年儿童与短道速滑特点实施科学训练的探索 |
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| 引用本文： | 马庆忠,左斌.针对少年儿童与短道速滑特点实施科学训练的探索[J].冰雪运动,2013(4):32-37. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马庆忠 左斌 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]七台河市体育局体工队,黑龙江七台河154600 [2]哈尔滨工业大学体育部,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 |
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| 摘 要： | 少年儿童短道速滑运动员的培养虽然属于基础培训层次，但对构建合理的运动人才梯队，培养优秀的短道速滑运动员具有重要的作用。少年儿童短道速滑运动员在体能、技术训练时应遵循其身体形态、生理、心理、运动素质的生长发育的特点。少年儿童神经系统的发育比较早、而且快，兴奋和抑制的转换过程中兴奋性占据优势，技术训练时尽可能地多做示范，减少讲解；应该高度重视神经调动肌肉速度的训练，应专门性、针对性地对小运动员的动作速率努力开发，不能在12岁之前丧失这个机会。心脏处于生长发育阶段，神经系统对缺氧的忍耐力弱，高强度的无氧耐力训练使心肌纤维增粗，心壁增厚，对少儿的健康体系是一种破坏，也缩短其运动生涯；应采取高强度、短时问、多组数与长间休训练方式，增强心脏每次搏动的输血量，既符合少年儿童心理、生理特点，又有效促进了少儿心肺器官的良好发育，为其今后的发展建立良好的心脏的储备能力。各项运动素质的发展具有不同的敏感期与先后顺序，应在12岁前合理搭配、均衡开发运动素质，绝对力量素质和无耐力素质应在16岁以后适宜发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 少年儿童 短道速滑 特点 科学训练 探索 |
Exploration of Carrying on Scientific Training on Juvenile and the Characteristics of Short Track Speed Skating |
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| MA Qing-zhong,ZUO Bin.Exploration of Carrying on Scientific Training on Juvenile and the Characteristics of Short Track Speed Skating[J].China Winter Sports,2013(4):32-37. |
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| Authors: | MA Qing-zhong ZUO Bin |
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| Institution: | 1. Sports Team of Qitaihe Municipal Bureau of Sports, Qitaihe 154600, China; 2. Physical Education Department of Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China) |
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| Abstract: | The cultivation of juvenile skaters is basic level of training but it plays an important role in construc -ting a reasonable echelon of sports talents and training excellent short track speed skaters .Juvenile skaters should follow the growth and development characteristics of their body shapes , physiology , psychology and sports quality in the physical and technical training .Juvenile nervous system develop relatively early and quickly , in the process of transforming between excitation and inhibition , the excitation stands ahead , in the technical training , as much as possible to do demonstration and reduce explanation ;We should pay close at-tention to the training of nerve mobilizing the muscle speed , should make efforts to develop the movements speed specially on juvenile skaters , can not lose the chance before the age of 12.The heart is in the stage of growth , the ability of nervous system on hypoxic endurance is weak , the training high intensity anaerobic en-durance thicken myocardial fiber and cardiac wall , it is a kind of destruction of juvenile health system and can shorten their sports career .We should take some training of high intensity , short time, multiple groups and long break , in order to strengthen blood transfusion of heart with each beating , which is consistent with the characteristics of juvenile psychology and physiology , and effectively promotes the development of juvenile heart and lung , establishing a good reserve ability for its development in the future .The development ofevery sports quality has different sensitive period and sequence , reasonable collocation and balancing developing sports quality before 12, absolute power quality and no endurance quality should be suitable for the develop -ment after the age of 16. |
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| Keywords: | children short track speed skating characteristics scientific training |
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