Trajectories of post-traumatic stress and externalizing psychopathology among maltreated foster care youth: A parallel process latent growth curve model |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 6021, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada;2. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 4023, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada;3. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Vanier Hall, 136 Jean Jacques Lussier, Room 5002G, Ottawa, Ontario K1N6N5, Canada;1. School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand;2. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia;1. Grup de Recerca en Victimització Infantil i Adolescent (GReVIA), Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. Sewanee: The University of the South, 735 University Avenue, Sewanee 37383, TN, United States;3. Institut de Recerca en Cervell, Cognició i Conducta, Spain;1. Centre for Dementia Prevention, Kennedy Tower, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Scotland;2. Department of Psychology, Cornett Building, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Haraldsgatan 1, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden;1. Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, United States;2. Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Rady Children’s Hospital, 3665 Kearny Villa Road, Suite 200N, San Diego, CA 92123, United States |
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| Abstract: | Few longitudinal studies have analyzed how violence exposure (e.g. child maltreatment, witnessing community violence) influence both externalizing and Post-Traumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms among children in foster care. Data from three waves of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (1999–2007) (NSCAW; National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect, 2002) were analyzed to investigate the change trajectories of both externalizing and PTS symptomatology among children with a substantiated report of child maltreatment by Child Protective Services (CPS) between October 1999 and December 2000. This study uses data collected at three time points: baseline and approximately 18 (Wave 3) and 36 (Wave 4) months post-baseline. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scale measured externalizing symptoms and the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder section of a version of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) provided the measure of current trauma-related symptoms or distress. Analyses were conducted using a parallel process growth curve model with a sample of n = 280 maltreated youth between the ages of 8 and 15 following home removal. Findings revealed that initial levels of externalizing and PTS symptomatology were both significantly and positively related and co-develop over time. Externalizing symptom severity remained in the borderline range during the first two years in out-of-home care. Both direct and indirect forms of interpersonal violence exposure were associated with initial level of externalizing symptom and PTS symptom severity, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest an underlying process that links early violence exposure to the co-development and cumulative impact of PTS on externalizing behavior above and beyond experiences of maltreatment. We conclude by discussing the key points of intervention that result from a more nuanced understanding of the longitudinal relationship between PTS and externalizing symptoms and the effect of complex trauma on growth in these symptoms over time. |
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| Keywords: | Post-Traumatic stress symptoms Depressive symptoms Foster care Violence exposure |
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