| 传统农业地区农业发展模式探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 何 露,闵庆文,张 丹,焦雯珺,杨海龙,刘 珊.传统农业地区农业发展模式探讨[J].资源科学,2009,31(6):956-961. |
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| 作者姓名： | 何 露 闵庆文 张 丹 焦雯珺 杨海龙 刘 珊 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所， 北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | GEF项目：“稻鱼共生全球重要农业文化遗产动态保护与适应性管理”；农业部国际合作交流项目：“稻鱼共生农业文化遗产保护示范与推广”；联合国西班牙千年发展目标项目成果产出2.14部分“文化与发展”。 |
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| 摘 要： | 现代农业在带来粮食高产的同时也造成难以治理的农业污染和生态环境破坏，因而现代农业发展开始转向保护生态环境、可持续的农业形式，出现了如有机农业、绿色农业等农业发展模式。传统农业地区一般处于经济落后的地方，往往还保持着传统农业生产方式，有着较好的农业生态环境。这些地区的农业发展不能再重复传统农业到现代农业再到有机农业的过程，但由于经济条件的限制也无法直接开发有机农业。贵州省从江县是一个典型的传统农业地区，生物资源、劳动力资源及生态环境有一定的潜在优势，但受耕地资源、经济资源及技术条件制约，从总体看，农业经济发展水平低。在这种情况下，从江县农业发展应根据其资源禀赋，因地制宜，引入有机农业思想，生产高品质农产品；发展特色农产品，加强产业化建设；引入生态农业思想，高效利用资源；发挥民族地区优势，发展农业生态旅游，丰富农业形式。同时，随着拥有“稻-鱼-鸭”共生系统的从江县侗族地区成为“全球重要农业文化遗产”保护试点之一——浙江省青田县的协作点，其农业发展将迎来新的发展机遇。
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| 关 键 词： | 传统农业地区 农业资源 贵州省从江县 发展模式 |
| 收稿时间： | 4/7/2009 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 5/4/2009 12:00:00 AM |
Study on Agricultural Development Mode in Traditional Agricultural Areas |
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| HE Lu,MIN Qingwen,ZHANG Dan,JIAO Wenjun,YANG Hailong and LIU Shan.Study on Agricultural Development Mode in Traditional Agricultural Areas[J].Resources Science,2009,31(6):956-961. |
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| Authors: | HE Lu MIN Qingwen ZHANG Dan JIAO Wenjun YANG Hailong and LIU Shan |
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| Abstract: | Modern conventional agriculture not only provides high grain production, but also results in agricultural pollution and ecological damages to environment. Therefore, agriculture nowadays begins to focus on environment-friendly and sustainable development, such as organic agriculture. Most traditional agricultural regions are economically backward, and often maintain traditional agricultural production methods by using no or little fertilizer or pesticicides. Compared with agriculturally well-developed regions, environment in these areas stays much better. Agricultural development in these traditional areas should not repeat the process of transforming from traditional agriculture to modern conventional agriculture and then to organic agriculture. However, critical financial considerations limit its direct development into organic agriculture. Congjiang County is a typical region of traditional agriculture where agricultural biology resource, labor resource and environment have potential advantages, but agricultural development is slow due to the limited land, economical and technological resources. The farmland area per person in Congjiang County is less than half the figure in China. The use of fertilizer and pesticide is much lower due to economic resons, so the environment in Congjiang County remains healthy and has the potential to develop organic agriculture. However, the extremely inadequate education of rural labor( mostly under high school level) and the lower-than-average income of farmers may hinder the progress of agriculture mode change in Congjiang County. In this paper, agricultural resources of Congjiang County are analyzed, including land resource, water resource, biology resource, labor resource, light and heat resource, ecological environment and tourism resources. Then, its agricultural development mode is discussed, including consideratoin of introducing organic agriculture, production of high-quality agricultural products, development of agriculture with distinguishing features, enhance of industrialization construction, introduction of eco-agriculture thinking and efficient use of resources, development of agricultural eco-tourism. There are many different national minorities in Congjiang County, which is thus rich in unique cultures. To specify, Dong nationality has created rice-fish-duck agricultural system, which is the assistant site of GIAHS (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems). This can bring new opportunities to the development of modern agriculture in Congjiang County. |
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| Keywords: | Traditional agricultural region Agricultural resource Congjiang County of Guizhou Province Development model |
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