| 长期施肥对农田黑土微生物群落的影响 |
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| 作者姓名： | 白 震 张 明 刘 宁 张旭东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态所陆地生态过程重点实验室，沈阳 110016； ;2.辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外研究站，沈阳 110016； ;3.中国科学院研究生院，北京 100049； ;4.辽宁大学生命科学学院，沈阳 110036 ; |
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| 摘 要： | 研究不同磷肥处理农田黑土基本理化性质、磷脂脂肪酸、酸（碱）性磷酸酶、微生物量碳或氮等变化规律。结果表明，有机肥-化肥配施明显提高土壤有机质、总氮以及速效氮、磷、钾等养分含量，进而促进微生物量碳、微生物量碳/有机质比值、磷酸酶活力以及各菌群磷脂脂肪酸含量显著增加。长期氮磷钾配施土壤有机质活性严重退化、不利于土壤微生物生长，而单施磷肥或氮磷肥配施对微生物活力与结构影响较小。有机肥处理中单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值>1，远高于其他化肥处理，可用来指示有机质质量与可用性；而支链/单烯不饱和脂肪酸与单烯不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比值呈极显著负相关，表明G+菌对养分胁迫抗性强于G-菌。磷脂脂肪酸PCA表明，有机肥与化肥处理微生物群落结构显著不同。个别脂肪酸载荷值分析表明，真菌受无机肥施用影响显著；而G+菌更易受有机肥影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 磷脂脂肪酸 酸（碱）性磷酸酶 土壤微生物 施肥 农田黑土 |
Effect of long-term fertilization on microbial community in a Chinese arable Mollisol |
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| Authors: | BAI Zhen ZHANG Ming LIU Ning ZHANG Xu-dong |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS, Shenyang 110016, China;2.National Research Station of Shenyang Agroecology, Shenyang 110016, China;3.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;4.Biology College of Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China. ; |
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| Abstract: | The soil samples were taken from different treatments including CK, P, NP, NPK, MP（manure + P）, MNP（manure + NP）, and MNPK（manure + NPK） in a Mollisol long-term fertilizer experimental site. Basic soil properties, phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA）, acid（alkaline） phosphatase activities and soil microbial biomass C or N（SMB-C or N） were measured. The results showed that 26 years of the combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers had significantly increased the amounts of organic matter（OM）, total nitrogen（TN）, available phosphorus（AP）, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen（AN）, and readily available potassium（RAK）. Furthermore, the SMB-C, SMB-C/organic matter（OM） ratio, acid（alkaline） phosphatase activities and PLFA content of different microbial communities in manure treatments were higher than those of CK or chemical fertilizer treatments. Long-term application of NPK treatment obviously inhibited microbial activity, while single P or NP treatment had little effect on this arable Mollisol microbial community. Monounsaturated fatty acids-to-normal saturated fatty acids（MONO/NSAT） ratios in manure treatments were significantly higher than those of chemical fertilizer treatments or CK, while terminally branched saturated fatty acids-to-monounsaturated fatty acids（TBSAT/MONO） ratios exhibited extremely significant negative correlation with MONO/NSAT ratios and changed in a totally opposite way. Principal components analysis of PLFA showed that manure and chemical fertilizers affected microbial communities’ structure in a very different way. The loading values for the individual PLFA showed that fungal 18:26,9 was significantly affected by chemical fertilizer treatments, while G+ i15:0, i17:0, i16:0 were liable to be affected by manure amendment. |
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| Keywords: | phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA） acid（alkaline） phosphatase soil microorganism fertilization arable Mollisol |
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