| 污染足迹：一种基于生态系统服务的生态足迹 |
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| 引用本文： | 闵庆文,焦雯珺,成升魁.污染足迹：一种基于生态系统服务的生态足迹[J].资源科学,2011,33(2):195-200. |
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| 作者姓名： | 闵庆文 焦雯珺 成升魁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题：“太湖流域水生态功能分区与质量目标管理技术示范”(编号：2008ZX07526-007)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 传统生态足迹理论虽然在可持续发展评价等方面得到了广泛的应用,但仍然存在着明显的缺陷和不足,其无法全面评估人类活动的根源在于土地功能排他性假设限制了其对利用生态系统非生物生产性产品和服务的人类活动的衡量。为了摆脱传统生态足迹理论的局限性,应当承认土地功能多样性的客观事实。本文提出了基于生态系统服务的生态足迹概念和计算方法,并以污染足迹为例进行了系统分析。污染足迹,即基于污染物吸纳的生态足迹,是一类典型的基于生态系统服务的生态足迹,它不是对传统生态足迹中能源足迹的简单置换,而是能够囊括人类活动产生的大部分污染物,并可以根据不同的污染物类别或类型进一步细化。污染足迹计算的难点在于必须明确污染物的迁移转化规律,进而确定进入各种土地类型的污染物量以及各种土地类型的纳污能力,而应用的难点在于如何确定不同类别或类型污染物污染足迹之间的关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 生态足迹 生态系统服务 基于生态系统服务的生态足迹 污染足迹 |
Pollution Footprint: A Type of Ecological Footprint Based on Ecosystem Services |
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| MIN Qingwen,JIAO Wenjun and CHENG Shengkui.Pollution Footprint: A Type of Ecological Footprint Based on Ecosystem Services[J].Resources Science,2011,33(2):195-200. |
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| Authors: | MIN Qingwen JIAO Wenjun and CHENG Shengkui |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | After nearly twenty years of development, ecological footprint has become one of the most widely methods for sustainable development assessment. The ecological footprint is, however, unable to evaluate the impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems in an all-round way. There are a multitude of deficiencies in conventional ecological footprint theories. For example, neither does the conventional ecological footprint involve the utilization of other ecosystem services except primary product provision, nor it accounts for other pollutants except CO2 released by human activities. In addition, there have some inherent contradictions involved in both the calculation methods and the selection of variables involved in the energy footprint. Through comprehensive analysis of such deficiencies, the authors indicated that the failure of the conventional ecological footprint in providing a comprehensive measurement on human impacts lies in that the assumption of the exclusive land function has prevented the non-bioproductive commodities and services from being considered. To overcome the limitations in conventional ecological footprint theories, the authors suggested that the multi-functionality of land should be acknowledged. Furthermore, a concept of ecosystem services-based ecological footprint was proposed. The ecosystem services-based ecological footprint is defined as the aggregated area of land and water in a variety of ecological categories that is claimed by a certain group of population to provide all types of ecosystem services they consume. The authors also elaborated the model construction and calculation methods of ecosystem services-based ecological footprint, in particular pollution footprint. The pollution footprint, an ecological footprint based on pollution absorption, is a typical ecosystem services-based ecological footprint. It is noted that the pollution footprint is not a simple replacement of energy footprint in the conventional ecological footprint; it is able to account for most pollutants incurred by human activities and to be further clarified in terms of different classes or types of pollutants. Difficulties in pollution footprint calculation include 1) pollutant transfer mechanisms and 2) the determination of the quantity of pollutants for each type of land cover and the capability of these land covers to accommodate pollution. The difficulty in application rests on the determination of the relationship among footprints of different classes or types of pollutants. |
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| Keywords: | Ecological footprint Ecosystem services Ecological footprint based on ecosystem services Pollution footprint |
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