Development of the instrument of question-answer process (IQAP) and its application in examining salient characteristics between pre- and in-service teachers in senior high school chemistry class |
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| Authors: | Lichun Gai Changlong Zheng Norman G Lederman Judith S Lederman Huihong Jiao |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Teacher Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China;2. Institute of Chemical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, People’s Republic of China;3. Mathematics &4. Science Education Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, America;5. School of Foreign Languages, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to examine the salient characteristics of the ‘Question-Answer Process’ (QAP) in senior high school chemistry class between pre- and in-service teachers. We first developed the ‘Instrument of Question-Answer Process’ (IQAP), and then, applied it to compare salient characteristics of QAP between pre- and in-service teachers. Data collection consists of classroom observation and structured-interview. Participants are seven pre-service and seven in-service chemistry teachers. The results are: (a) Both pre-and in-service teachers ask most of the questions and students ask few questions; (b) Pre-service teachers ask more lower cognitive level questions, while in-service teachers ask more higher cognitive level questions; (c) Pre-service teachers tend to ask non-volunteer students while in-service teachers tend to ask volunteer students to respond; (d) Pre-service teachers tend to be ‘no feedback or ignore’ after students provide answers and both pre- and in-service teachers seldom guide students to reflect on answers; and (e) The frequency of authority of ‘student’ in pre-service teachers’ class is much higher than those in in-service teachers’ class, while the frequency of authority of ‘teacher and student’ is much lower than those of in-service teachers’ class. |
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| Keywords: | Instrument of question-answer process (IQAP) question-answer process (QAP) salient characteristics pre-service teacher in-service teacher |
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