| 优秀游泳运动员赛前大强度训练实效性探究 |
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| 引用本文： | 林丽雅,张莉,徐心浩,刘禹,李农战,王崇.优秀游泳运动员赛前大强度训练实效性探究[J].成都体育学院学报,2015(1):7-12. |
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| 作者姓名： | 林丽雅 张莉 徐心浩 刘禹 李农战 王崇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 广东省体育科学研究所,广东 广州,510663;2. 广东省游泳中心,广东 广州,510000;3. 广东省青少年竞技体育学校,广东 广州,510000 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省科技计划项目(2010B031300015)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的：：在全运会赛前9周,对优秀游泳运动员为期6周的大强度训练并实施赛前训练监控,探索科学有效的赛前大强度训练模式,为游泳运动员赛前大强度训练提供参考依据。方法：对9名优秀游泳运动员实施为期6周的以无氧能力训练为主的赛前大强度训练方案。在训练前后进行一次极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试和血乳酸均匀度的无氧阈测试,并在训练前、训练中(训练2周后)、训练后(训练6周后),测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(Нb)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)。结果：(1)与训练前相比,摄氧量(P<0.001)、摄氧量相对值(P<0.001)、呼吸频率(P<0.05)等指标显著下降；呼吸商(P<0.05)、潮气量(P<0.05)、成绩(P<0.05)和即刻血乳酸(P<0.001)显著升高；(2)6周大强度训练后,无氧阈速度、出现无氧阈拐点时的血乳酸和心率没有显著变化。(3)基础状态下,BU指标在大强度训练2周后,明显升高(P<0.05),C指标在训练中期明显下降(P<0.001),训练后期又呈现明显的升高(P<0.05),其它血液指标变化不大。结论：(1)以无氧能力训练为主的的赛前大强度训练计划达到提高运动员无氧能力的目的,同时有氧能力得到保持；(2)血液生化指标的动态变化,符合大强度训练的机能变化特点,赛前大强度训练没有导致运动员机能下降。(3)极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试,为游泳运动员的赛前训练效果的评价提供了新思路、新方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 游泳 赛前训练 气体代谢能力 机能状态 |
Effectiveness of Excellent Swimmers’ Pre-competition Intensive Training |
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| LIN Liya,ZANG Li,XU Xinhao,LIU Yu,LI Nongzhan,WANG Chong.Effectiveness of Excellent Swimmers’ Pre-competition Intensive Training[J].Journal of Chengdu Physical Education Institute,2015(1):7-12. |
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| Authors: | LIN Liya ZANG Li XU Xinhao LIU Yu LI Nongzhan WANG Chong |
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| Abstract: | Objective:Pre-match intensive training and the corresponding monitoring of excellent swimmers are con-ducted nine weeks before the National Games to explore the scientific and effective pre-game intensive training mode. Methods:Nine excellent swimmers are put in a six-week program of pre-competition intensive training of anaerobic ability. Two tests ( gas metabolism ability and anaerobic threshold of the evenness of blood lactic acid) of limit-load exercise are conducted before and after the training and hemoglobin (Нb) , serum creatine kinase ( CK) , blood urea ( BU) , testosterone ( T) and cortisol ( C) are tested under the elemental status be-fore training, during training (after 2 weeks) and after training (after 6 weeks). Results:(1), oxygen uptake (P<0. 001), the relative magnitude of the oxygen uptake (P<0. 001), respiratory frequency (P<0. 05), and other index decrease significantly compared with those before training while the respiratory quotient ( P<0. 05), the tidal volume (P<0. 05) scores (P<0. 05), and immediate blood lactic acid (P<0. 001) signifi-cantly increase. (2) After six weeks of intensive training, anaerobic threshold velocity, blood lactic acid at the anaerobic threshold inflection point appears and heart rate do not change significantly. ( 3 ) Under elemental status, BU indexes after 2 weeks of intensive training increase significantly (P<0. 05). C indicators during training significantly decrease (P<0. 001) but increases apparent in the late stage (P<0. 05), while other blood indexes change little. Conclusion:(1) Intensive anaerobic ability training before the game achieves the purpose of improving swimmers’ anaerobic ability while maintains their aerobic capacity. (2) The dynamic change of blood biochemical indicators are in line with the function change characteristics of intensive training. So intensive training before the game does not lead to swimmers’ function drops. (3) The test of the gas metab-olism ability of one limit-load exercise provides new ideas and new methods fro the effect evaluation of swim-merˊs pre-game training. |
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| Keywords: | swimming pre-game training gas metabolism ability functional status |
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