Contrasting predictive and causal values of predictors and of causes |
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| Authors: | Oskar?Pine?o James?C?Denniston Tom?Beckers Helena?Matute Email author" target="_blank">Ralph?R?MillerEmail author |
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| Institution: | Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA. |
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| Abstract: | Three experiments examined human processing of stimuli as predictors and causes. In Experiments 1A and 1B, two serial events
that both preceded a third were assessed as predictors and as causes of the third event. Instructions successfully provided
scenarios in which one of the serial (target) stimuli was viewed as a strong predictor but as a weak cause of the third event.
In Experiment 2, participants’ preexperimental knowledge was drawn upon in such a way that two simultaneous antecedent events
were processed as predictors or causes, which strongly influenced the occurrence of overshadowing between the antecedent events.
Although a tendency toward overshadowing was found between predictors, reliable overshadowing was observed only between causes,
and then only when the test question was causal. Together with other evidence in the human learning literature, the present
results suggest that predictive and causal learning obey similar laws, but there is a greater susceptibility to cue competition
in causal than predictive attribution. |
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