| 重大科技工程体系管理能力评估方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘铁忠,王晓,陈妍.重大科技工程体系管理能力评估方法[J].科研管理,2006,41(2):267-276. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘铁忠 王晓 陈妍 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京理工大学管理与经济学院,北京100081 |
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| 摘 要： | 体系和能力建设是大型工程项目组织与管理的关键。针对当前重大科技工程面临的预先研究与型号研制并行推进、参与主体价值诉求多元化等挑战,本文引入体系管理理论,提出一种体系管理能力评估方法,力图解决重大科技工程组织管理的短板弱项识别问题。主要涵盖以下内容：一是针对体系开放性要求,构建涵盖组织管理、项目控制、系统工程管理三维度的体系管理框架;二是结合组织级项目管理成熟度模型,构建包括管理体制潜能、运行机制潜能、系统工程管理潜能、项目控制能力四方面评估指标;三是基于综合集成思想,构建以“两次定性集成、一次定量集成”为特征的集成评估方法。最后,选取涵盖科学规律探索、关键技术集成、样机实现等完整研发链条的典型案例进行应用性研究,表明方法可行。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-04 |
Assessment method of SoS management capability of STE mega projects |
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| Liu Tiezhong,Wang Xiao,Chen Yan.Assessment method of SoS management capability of STE mega projects[J].Science Research Management,2006,41(2):267-276. |
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| Authors: | Liu Tiezhong Wang Xiao Chen Yan |
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| Institution: | School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Science, Technology and Engineering mega project (STE mega project )refers to a kind of giant project, the mission of which are on the exploration of science laws, integration of critical technologies, realization of engineering prototypes. System of Systems (SoS) and corresponding capability of STE mega project are crucial topic in the organizational management activities. In light of the challenges faced by STE mega project, which concerns collateral development of basic research and engineering development and diversification of value proposition of participants, the theory of SoS management was introduced to construct a research framework. Then an assessment method of SoS management capability was put forwarded from the perspective of meta-synthesis approach. The following results have been found so far:
To begin with, the connotation of SoS management capability of STE mega project was proposed. To facilitate integration of different resource, the interfaces for R&D team should be standardized based on the theory of SoS management. Therefore, SoS management on STE mega project involves such activities as planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling on the implementation of the whole complex system. The principle of this theory is to balance the relationship of all subjects within the system, seeking coordination of the system. From the capability perspective, both the potential capabilities and practical capabilities need to be taken into consideration. Then the connotation of SoS management capability of STE mega project was obtained, which refers to the collection of accumulated special knowledge formed in the process of organization and management of STE mega project. The SoS management capability therefore refers not only the knowledge accumulation by subjects of the system for the goal of achieving the task objectives, but also the knowledge integration among system subjects themselves.
Then, upon the basic framework of system engineering and project management, the dimension on organizational management was introduced to construct the assessment of SoS management capability of STE mega project. In particular, the framework has been constructed with such consideration as: Firstly, regarding the national characteristics of this kind of project, the assessment indices of the framework on dimension of organizational management should be designed in view of the mission of the projects. The indices would also be used to measure the allocation capability of the R&D team. Secondly, the assessment indices on the dimension of the project management were designed to measure the coordination capability of R&D resources. Thirdly, in response to the integration characteristics, the assessment indices were designed for the dimension of system engineering. Also, the indices were taken as the measurement for the control capability on tempos of R&D development. Then the proposed assessment index system includes: potential capability indices for management system, which can be used to reflect the potential of organizational structure, management system, etc.; potential capability indices for operation mechanism, which can be used to reflect the potential of coordination and conflicts of interests among various subjects; potential capability indices for system engineering management, which can be used to evaluate the level of technical management; project management capability indices, which can be used to evaluate the level of project control.
Furthermore, an assessment model was designed with the characteristic of "twice qualitative assessment and once quantitative assessment". In particular, the first time qualitative integration refers to the searching of literatures on different policies, and then to conduct qualitative integration with the measurement scale of "0-1" type data and the questionnaire of degree type data. The quantitative integration is related to the experts′ grading method which was used to determine the weight. Considering the subjective character of experts, interviews and questionnaires have been designed in such way as to improve the fairness of experts′ gradings. Two weighing methods were applied: the first is the three-level index weighing method which is based on the mean method. Responding to the three-level indices of project management capability, this kind of indices are set according to the process of specific project management elements. For the process creates difficulties in the determination of relative importance, the mean method was thus perceived as a more suitable method for the weight determination. For the lower indices, which are parallel indices, then the average method is used for weighing. In view of the obvious subjectivity of the upper indices, the AHP method and the triangular fuzzy number method were integrated for the reduction of the subjectivity of the assessment. The second time qualitative integration was used in view of the inadequate differentiation among degree data. Moreover, the frequency analysis method was used for the comparison and modification on the quantitative assessment results.
Finally, a typical case was selected to test the method. Relying on the R&D projects, a total of 21 experts of research institutions, universities and enterprises in different fields were selected to implement survey with a research kit which includes an interview outline and survey scales. The data was collected with two steps: first step, to invite experts to discuss on the research topic; second steps, to carry out the survey. Both quantitative data of index assignment and qualitative data of text analysis were collected in the process. It was found that in terms of those potential capability indices, while scores are high for the basic research, scientific decision-making and organizational structure, the scores of organizational culture are rated relatively lowly; while scores of contract management in the dimension of project management capability are rated highly, scores for the planning management are graded at the lower range. With the use of text analysis method, a further modification based on quantitative assessment can be realized by referring to the assessment results.
In sum, the theory which includes "connotation, assessment framework, assessment indices and assessment method", has expanded the assessment method on organization management of large-scale science and technology projects of China; the proposed assessment indices, as well as the integrated assessment model are close to the engineering practical. Because of these, the effect of this assessment system can be thought as groundbreaking for the STE mega project. However, the research is at the elementary stage, and a dynamic assessment on indices, such as scientific decision-making and competition coordination should be discussed in future. |
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