| 教育扩张与收入差距 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵国昌,朱州.教育扩张与收入差距[J].教育与经济,2022(1):31-40. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵国昌 朱州 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南财经大学 教育与管理研究院,成都 610074 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“高校扩招、高等教育收益率与个人教育投资:一个信息不对称条件下劳动力市场动态均衡的理论和实证分析”(项目编号:71603215)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据和基于再中心化影响函数(RIF)回归的Oaxaca-Blinder(RIF-OB)分解方法,研究了2005-2015年我国教育扩张对收入差距的影响。研究发现:教育扩张是近年来我国收入差距缩小的重要因素,分解结果表明教育扩张的要素构成效应会扩大收入不平等,而教育扩张的要素报酬效应降低了收入不平等。前者是因为高校扩招加剧了教育不平等,后者则是因为自1990年以来我国教育回报率持续上升的势头从2005年左右停止并呈现下降趋势,具体表现为高中和高等教育在收入的高分位处的溢价大幅下降。教育回报率的改变主要是由于教育扩张带来劳动力供求关系的变化以及近年来我国市场化转型有所放缓。在当前经济转型时期,我国高中阶段教育普及和高等教育扩张或可成为缩小收入差距的重要政策工具。
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| 关 键 词： | 教育扩张 收入差距 RIF回归 OB分解 |
Education Expansion and Income Inequality |
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| Guochang Zhao,Zhou Zhu.Education Expansion and Income Inequality[J].Education & Economy,2022(1):31-40. |
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| Authors: | Guochang Zhao Zhou Zhu |
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| Institution: | (Research Institute of Economics and Management,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu610074) |
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| Abstract: | Based on the Chinese General Society Survey(CGSS)data,this paper uses the Oaxaca-Blinder(OB)decomposition methods based on the recentered influence function(RIF)regression to study the impacts of the expansion of education on the income inequality from 2005 to 2015 in China.The result shows that the education expansion is the key factor in narrowing the income inequality during the recent years.The decomposition analysis shows that the composition effect of education increases the income gap because the inequality of higher education has increased,though the inequality of senior middle school education has decreased.The structural effect of higher education and high school both decreased the income gap through lowering the return to education among the high-income population.The changed return to education is because of two reasons:the education expansion changed the labor force structure,and the marketization slowed down in recent years.The results show that the expansion of higher education and the compulsory of high school might be important policy tools to narrow the income gap during the period of economic transition and industry upgrading. |
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| Keywords: | education expansion income inequality RIF regression OB decomposition |
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