Self-reported harm of adolescent peer aggression in three world regions |
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| Institution: | 1. Flinders University, 5001, Australia;2. The Philippines (Flinders University, Australia);3. Universitas Negeri Makassar, Indonesia;4. University of Thessaly, Greece;5. University of Bologna, Italy;6. Hanshin University, South Korea;7. Punjabi University, India;8. Seoul National University, South Korea;9. Universidad de Córdoba, Spain;10. Jagiellonian University, Poland;11. National Taichung University of Education, Taiwan;1. Disability and Psychoeducational Studies, College of Education, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States;2. Department Erziehungswissenschaft, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany;3. National Anti-Bullying Research and Resource Centre, Dublin City University, St. Patrick''s Campus, Dublin, Ireland;1. University of Southern California, Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University Park Campus, MRF, MC 0411, Los Angeles CA 90089, United States;2. University of Southern California, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90034, United States;1. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA;4. Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Suite 1446, Miami, FL 33136, USA;1. Department of General Practice, University of Poitiers, France: 3 rue de la Milétrie, 86000 Poitiers, France;2. Department of gynecology obstetrics and reproductive medecine, University of Poitiers, France;3. Department of General Practice, University of Poitiers, France;4. Poitou-Charentes Educational Authority, France;5. Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Poitiers, France;6. University Institute of Public Health, University of Poitiers, France;1. Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;2. Department of Health and Kinesiology and the Public Health Graduate Program, Purdue University, Lafayette, IN, USA |
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| Abstract: | While the poor psychosocial outcomes of young people who have experienced bullying are well known, the harm associated with experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the level of harm associated with experiences of peer aggression, as well as bullying, by directly measuring the four elements of intent, perceived harm, repetition and power imbalance that comprise the bullying criteria. The purpose of the study was to establish whether bullying was the most harmful form of peer aggression and whether other types of peer aggression that did not comprise all elements of bullying were comparably harmful. Over 6000 students (aged 11–16) from 10 countries completed a student victimization and aggression questionnaire. Data showed that approximately 50% of participants were not intentionally harmed through peer aggression, although this varied across countries, ranging from 10% in India to 87.5% in Taiwan. In all countries, analyses identified a group that had experienced repeated peer aggression, but with no power imbalance, comparable in size to the bullied group, suggesting that bullying is just “the tip of the iceberg”. Victims of bullying self-reported the greatest experiences of harm, although victims of repeated aggression reported comparable harm. The findings show that peer aggression experiences that do not meet the bullying criteria are also rated as harmful by victims. More research is needed to fully understand negative peer interactions that include behaviors outside the scope of the bullying definition, particularly with regard to repeated peer aggression. This study suggests that researchers should consider the level of harm experienced by individuals and avoid terminology such as bullying, while policy makers should place a strong and explicit focus on encompassing a broader realm of harmful peer aggression. |
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| Keywords: | Peer aggression Bullying Harm Multi-country Victim Victimization |
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