| 1960年代中后期朝鲜半岛危机研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 邓峰.1960年代中后期朝鲜半岛危机研究[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,47(3):63-75. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邓峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学历史系/冷战国际史研究中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文系国家社科基金项目（１３ＢＳＳ０３７）和上海市“曙光计划”项目（１２ＳＧ１９）的阶段性成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在中国人民志愿军回国之后，朝鲜以此为契机发动和平统一半岛的宣传攻势，企图通过谈判缓和与美国的紧张关系，但美国在与朝鲜的“非对称关系”中推行“敌视、遏制、不接触”的政策，放弃在韩国主导下的朝鲜和平统一，转向维持半岛分裂局面，通过强化韩国的实力以遏制朝鲜的发展。这使得朝鲜半岛在1960年代中后期出现较严重的危机。特别是，约翰逊政府推动韩国与日本关系正常化，美日韩同盟对朝鲜的国家安全带来相当大的威胁，加之金日成利用越南战争尝试采用类似于越南革命的方式统一半岛，朝韩之间不断出现低烈度冲突，半岛局势十分紧张。而美国则实施十分矛盾的政策：一方面因越南战争的牵制需要维持半岛稳定而阻挠韩国袭击朝鲜，另一方面大大增加对韩国的军事援助，在客观上助长了韩国的对抗行为。因此，美韩同盟恰恰成为朝鲜半岛危机得以缓解的一个较大的障碍。美国在半岛处理危机时的选择余地不大，其对半岛的政策陷入困境就是一种必然。
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On the Crisis of Korean Peninsula in Middle-late 1960s |
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| DENG Feng.On the Crisis of Korean Peninsula in Middle-late 1960s[J].Journal of East China Normal University :Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition,2015,47(3):63-75. |
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| Authors: | DENG Feng |
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| Abstract: | After Chinese People’s Volunteer Army returned to China, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) took this opportunity to initiate the peaceful unification of the peninsula, aiming to alleviate its tension with the U.S. However, the U.S. implemented the policy of “hostility, restriction and non-contact” in its “asymmetric relationship” with DPRK, gave up the peaceful unification of DPRK guided by South Korea, maintained the separation of the peninsula and handicapped the development of DPRK by strengthening the power of South Korea. This brought a serious crisis to Korea Peninsula in middle-late 1960s. Especially, due to Johnson Administration’s promotion of the normalization of the relations between South Korea and Japan, the alliance of the U.S., Japan and South Korea made a considerable threat to the national security of DPRK. In addition, Kim Il Sung attempted to unify the peninsula in a way of Vietnamese Reform. As a result, constant mild conflicts occurred between DPRK and South Korea and the tension in the peninsula was intensified. However, the U.S. excerted contradictory policies: on the one hand, it prevented South Korea from attacking DPRK for the stability of the peninsula because of its involvement in Vietnamese War; on the other hand, it increased to a great extent its military aids to South Korea, which intensified the rivalry of South Korea objectively. Therefore, the alliance of the U.S. and South Korea was a great hindrance that prevented the alleviation of the crisis of Korea Peninsula. The U.S. had limited choice when handling the crisis, so it was inevitable that its policies towards the peninsula came into a dilemma. |
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