| 生境等价分析法在填海生物栖息地损害评估的应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 许志华,李京梅,杨雪.生境等价分析法在填海生物栖息地损害评估的应用[J].资源科学,2015,37(3):503-511. |
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| 作者姓名： | 许志华 李京梅 杨雪 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国人民大学环境学院, 北京 100872,中国海洋大学经济学院, 青岛 266100,中国海洋大学经济学院, 青岛 266100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金项目:"围填海造地资源环境价值损失评估及补偿研究"(编号:12BJY064);教育部人文社科重点研究基地中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院资助项目:"海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失评估与补偿研究"(编号:13JJD790032) |
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| 摘 要： | 基于填海生境损害显著、损害评估量化困难的背景,探讨生境等价分析法传统模型在填海生物栖息地损害评估领域的改进性应用。比较传统计算方式和参数改进后两种情形下的总受损量与修复规模,结果表明:传统情形在填海生境损害评估时存在总受损量和修复规模低估;海湾服务水平恢复至单位面积基线服务水平的情形存在总受损量和修复规模过大问题;海湾服务水平恢复至基线总服务水平的情形为生境等价分析法在填海生物栖息地损害评估与补偿的合理运用。以罗源湾填海生态损害评估为例,得出三种情形下平均修复规模分别为11.73km2、133.12km2、71.64km2。进一步优化修复目标,以被填海域单位面积变化导致的海湾总生态服务水平变化值替代传统修复目标,修正传统计算模式忽略修复生境对周边区域的影响,修复规模为27.08km2。
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| 关 键 词： | 生境等价分析法 填海 生态损害 生态修复 |
The assessment of habitat damage caused by reclamation based on habitat equivalence analysis |
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| XU Zhihu,LI Jingmei and YANG Xue.The assessment of habitat damage caused by reclamation based on habitat equivalence analysis[J].Resources Science,2015,37(3):503-511. |
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| Authors: | XU Zhihu LI Jingmei and YANG Xue |
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| Institution: | School of Environment and Natural resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China,School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China and School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China |
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| Abstract: | Reclamation has a negative impact on habitat and the damage is difficult to quantify. Habitat Equivalency Analysis(HEA) is a tool for assessing natural resource damage and has been used in the USA and Europe to identify replacement habitats for coastal habitat damage including oil spills, hazardous substance release, vessel groundings and other anthropogenic actions. Termed service-to-service, the habitat-based approach seeks to determine the amount of restoration needed to compensate for natural resource losses. This article discusses the application of HEA in assessing the habitat damage caused by reclamation from two aspects. First, by comparing the ecological damage and the scale of restoration under different situations, we show that the traditional situation will underestimate ecological damage and the scale of restoration. Assuming that the service level in the bay can be restored to the unit area baseline level, it will achieve an unreasonable conclusion that ecosystem service has undergone a larger loss. However, assuming it can be restored to the total baseline level is reasonable when HEA is used to evaluate habitat damage. Second, the traditional situation ignores the impact of habitat restoration on the surrounding area and overestimates the scale of restoration. This could be fixed by using the change in total ecosystem services caused by unit area reclamation variation as the restoration goal. In this way, we optimize the restoration goal and make the application of HEA more accurate. To support the argument we take ecological damage assessment of Luoyuan Bay reclamation as an example:the average scale of restoration under the three scenarios is 11.73km2, 133.12km2 and 71.64km2 respectively. The restoration scale is 27.08km2 when using the optimized restoration goal. |
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| Keywords: | habitat equivalency analysis reclamation ecological damage ecological restoration |
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