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| 中美青少年运动训练的差异及思考 | |
| 引用本文： | 虞重干,王龙飞.中美青少年运动训练的差异及思考[J].武汉体育学院学报,2008,42(2):5-10. |
| 作者姓名： | 虞重干 王龙飞 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 上海体育学院,办公室,上海,200438 2. 上海体育学院,研究生处,上海,200438 |
| 基金项目： | 上海市重点学科建设项目 |
| 摘 要： | 根据"美国运动教育计划"及我国的运动训练学、教练员岗位培训、教育学和学校体育学等书籍和教材,比较两国青少年运动训练的目的、任务、思路、评价以及教练员工作等各方面的差异.美国青少年的训练目的是"运动员第一,胜利第二",而我国则更强调提高运动成绩,夺取比赛的胜利.美国青少年训练采用的比赛入门法,教授的基本思路是在比赛的基础上学习战术进而技术,而我国的训练思路则是在传授技术的基础上,让学生学习战术进而进行比赛.美国的教练员评价队员时,重点看他们是否努力比上次表现有所提高,而我国对运动训练评价的标准就是运动成绩.美国教练员的职责不仅是技战术教学,还帮助青少年运动员在生理和心理两方面做好准备,而我国运动训练中却过度强调教练员的主体地位,甚至把运动员机械地看作被控制的对象.中美两国虽然制度迥异,但美国青少年训练理念及教练员工作充分体现了运动员第一的思想,其在青少年运动训练方面的经验值得我国借鉴. |
| 关 键 词： | 运动训练 青少年 美国运动教育计划 美国 中国 青少年 运动训练 差异 America sports training youth 经验值 思想 训练理念 制度 中美两国 对象 被控制 机械 地位 主体 生理和心理 技战术教学 运动成绩 评价的标准 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-520X（2008）02-0005-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-11-22 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007年11月22 |
Differences between youth sports training in China and America |
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| YU Zhong-gan,WANG Long-fei.Differences between youth sports training in China and America[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education,2008,42(2):5-10. | |
| Authors: | YU Zhong-gan WANG Long-fei |
| Abstract: | Based on books and materials in American Sport Education Program ,and on the Chinese sport s t raining theory , coachesp t raining , pedagogy and theory of school P. E. , this paper made a comparison between China and America with regard to the aim , task , t raining thought , the appraisal of youth sport s t raining and the work of coaches. The aim of the youth sport s t raining in America was“athletes first , competition second”,whereas ,the aim in China was to improve the sport s achievement . The basic order of the American youth sport s t raining was to learn tactics in the process of participating in the competition , while the Chinese t raining thought was to learn tactics first and then to participate in the competition. Whether the performance of the athletes was improved or not was the evaluation standard of American coaches ,whereas ,in China , the achievement was the only way to evaluate athletes. The responsibility of American coaches was not only the tactics teaching but also offering help to the young athletes physiologi- cally and psychologically. The Chinese coaches over-emphasized their own status and even wanted to manip- ulate the athletes. Even though the political system was different in China and America , the t raining thought of“athletes first”should be adopted and used for reference by the Chinese coaches. |
| Keywords: | sports training youth American Sport Education Program America China difference |
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