Association between ACTN3 R577X genotype and risk of non-contact injury in trained athletes: A systematic review |
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| Institution: | 1. M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)-EA 1274, Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France;2. Rey Juan Carlos University, Centre for Sport Studies, Madrid 28032, Spain;3. SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, India;4. Department of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, CETAPS EA 3832, F-76821, France;5. Toulouse Football Club, Toulouse 31000, France;6. Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Tunis 2010, Tunisia;7. Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;8. Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA |
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| Abstract: | PurposeThe aim of this study was to review, systematically, evidence concerning the link between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and the rates and severity of non-contact injuries and exercise-induced muscle damage in athletes and individuals enrolled in exercise training programs.MethodsA computerized literature search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, from inception until November 2020. All included studies compared the epidemiological characteristics of non-contact injury between the different genotypes of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism.ResultsOur search identified 492 records. After the screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 studies examining the association between the ACTN3 genotypes and the rate and severity of non-contact injury were included in the analysis. These studies were performed in 6 different countries (Spain, Japan, Brazil, China, the Republic of Korea, and Italy) and involved a total participant pool of 1093 participants. Of the studies, 2 studies involved only women, 5 studies involved only men, and 6 studies involved both men and women. All the studies included were classified as high-quality studies (≥6 points in the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale score). Overall, evidence suggests there is an association between the ACTN3 R577X genotype and non-contact injury in 12 investigations. Six studies observed a significant association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and exercise induced muscle damage: 2 with non-contact ankle injury, 3 with non-contact muscle injury, and 1 with overall non-contact injury.ConclusionThe present findings support the premise that possessing the ACTN3 XX genotype may predispose athletes to a higher probability of some non-contact injuries, such as muscle injury, ankle sprains, and higher levels of exercise-induced muscle damage. |
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