The Decline of Women Leaders (Coaches and Athletic Directors) in Girls' Interscholastic Sport Programs in Virginia from 1972 to 1987 |
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| Authors: | Mary Frances Heishman Linda Bunker Roland W Tutwiler |
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| Institution: | 1. Bridgewater College , Box 83, Bridgewater , VA , 22812 , USA;2. University of Virginia , USA |
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| Abstract: | Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if static and baltislic stretching would, induce significant amounts of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and increases in creatine kinase (CK). Twenty males were randomly assigned to a static (STATIC) or ballistic stretching (BALLISTIC) group. All performed three sets of 17 stretches during a 90-min period, the only group difference being that STATIC remained, stationary during each 60-s stretch while BALLISTIC performed, boundng movements. Subjective ratings of DOMS (scale: 1–10) and serum CK levels were assessed before and every 24 hours post stretching, for 5 days. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect due to time (p < .05), with peak soreness occurring at 24 hours after (M = 2.8 ? 1.6). Surprisingly, a group effect (p < .05) demonstrated. that DOMS was significantly greater for STATIC than for BALLISTIC. At 24 hours there was a 62% (p < .05) increase in CK for combined groups. These findings indicate that similar bouts of static and ballistic stretching induce significant increases in DOMS and CK in subjects unaccustomed to such exercise. Furthermore, static stretching induced significantly more DOMS than did ballistic. |
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| Keywords: | female coaches female athletic directors girls' sports Title IX decline in female leaders |
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