| 近代社会变迁与三次留美热潮 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡素萍.近代社会变迁与三次留美热潮[J].海南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2013(9):58-63. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡素萍 |
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| 作者单位： | 海南师范大学学报编辑部,海南海口571158 |
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| 摘 要： | 鸦片战争后，随着近代中国社会的变迁出现了三次赴美留学热潮。洋务运动时期，清政府选派百名幼童赴美留学，虽中途夭折，但为我国造就了一批新型知识分子；20世纪初，美国退还庚款用于资送中国学生赴美和清华学堂的设立，引发了中国第二次留美热潮；国民政府时期，留美形势随着国内外局势的变化呈现波浪式起伏的特征，抗战后的赴美洪流成为近代留美运动的最高峰。留美学生对近代中国教育、科技发展、社会的转型以及中美文化交流产生了深远的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 百名幼童 庚款兴学 清华学堂 留美热潮 |
Social Changes and the Great Upsurge of Studying in USA in Modern China |
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| Authors: | HU su-ping |
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| Institution: | HU su-ping ( Editorial Department of Journal ofHNU, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China) |
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| Abstract: | Modern China has witnessed three upsurges of students studying in USA along with social changes since the Opium War. During the Westernization Movement, the Qing Regime selected and dispatched one hundred children to study in USA, which had trained a batch of new-type intellectuals despite the failure of the program halfway. And at the beginning of the 20th century, the return of indemnity by USA for subsidizing Chinese students studies in USA and the establishment of Tsinghua School resulted in the second upsurge of Chinese students studying abroad in modern China. In the period of the Republic of China, studying in USA underwent ups and downs in line with situation variations at home and abroad; while the upsurge of Chinese students studying in USA after the War of Resistance against Japan became the summit of studying in USA in modern China. Students studying in USA have exerted a far-reaching influence on modern China＇s education, scientific development, social transition as well as on Sino-US cuhural exchanges. |
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| Keywords: | one hundred children the return of indemnity and the establishment of schools the upsurge of studying in USA |
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