| 专利视角下的供应链创新网络演化研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 华连连,刘帅娟,王建国.专利视角下的供应链创新网络演化研究[J].科研管理,2021,42(11):99-109. |
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| 作者姓名： | 华连连 刘帅娟 王建国 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古工业大学 经济管理学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特010051 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目：“创新努力下的乳品供应链网络多维协调均衡研究”（71963025，2020.01—2023.12）；“基于多级EVM的大型建设项目多目标协同激励控制方法研究”（71661026，2017.01—2020.12）；“兼顾效率与效果的决策单元投入产出绩效的度量、分解与改进”（71961026，2020.01—2023.12）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 专利创新作为助推行业转型升级和价值再造的战略工具之一，其布局及演化历来备受各国关注。随着全球产业链、价值链及供应链格局演变，供应链专利数量呈指数级增长，成为供应链创新的风向标和指示器。本文选取中国、美国、日本、德国、韩国供应链专利数据作为研究对象，深度挖掘1990—2016年共27年供应链专利数据池，从合作创新、空间结构、技术主题三方面，采用定量和可视化方法分析网络特征及演化路径。研究发现:（1）供应链专利创新网络演变过程与全球产业发展轨迹高度一致，计算/推算/计数、通信技术、输送/包装/贮存等为供应链专利申请热点，也是各国专利技术必争之地。（2）供应链合作创新网络不断趋于成熟，异质性社区结构逐渐凸显，各国亟须消除锁定效应，增强产学研协同创新规模。（3）供应链专利空间网络规模逐渐扩大，但空间布局不均衡，各国多以本国跨区合作为主，跨国合作为副，跨国合作多以美日韩三国间合作居多。（4）中国供应链创新专利规模增大，但产学研协同创新模式尚未真正发挥作用，技术主题布局与我国优势产业发展尚不匹配，亟须顶层设计供应链专利布局。
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| 关 键 词： | 创新网络 供应链 演化路径 专利布局 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-27 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-11-06 |
A research on the evolution of supply chain innovation network from the perspective of patent |
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| Hua Lianlian,Liu Shuaijuan,Wang Jianguo.A research on the evolution of supply chain innovation network from the perspective of patent[J].Science Research Management,2021,42(11):99-109. |
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| Authors: | Hua Lianlian Liu Shuaijuan Wang Jianguo |
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| Institution: | School of Economics and Management, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China; |
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| Abstract: | As one of the strategic tools to boost the transformation and upgrading of the industry and value reengineering, patent innovation has become a criterion by which the growth of key technologies is measured. In particular, the research on the layout and evolution of patent innovation has increasingly attracted the attention of the nation and even the world. The tide of world change also makes the patterns of global industrial chain, value chain and supply chain undergo rapid evolution. The number of supply chain patents increases exponentially, which has become the indicator of supply chain innovation, confirming that the excavation and deepening of supply chain technology are potentially affecting the innovation pattern and trend of supply chain.
This paper selects the supply chain patent data of China, the United States, Japan, Germany and South Korea as the research object, deeply excavates the supply chain patent data pool for the past 27 years from 1990 to 2016, and uses quantitative and visual methods to analyze the network characteristics and evolution path from the three aspects of cooperative innovation, spatial structure and technical theme.
The studies indicate that (1) the evolution process of the supply chain patent innovation network is highly consistent with the development track of the global industry, which confirms the evolution process of the global industry. It has started in the medical and health care industry, and its technological innovation guides the direction of supply chain technological innovation in other industries. Then, the supply chain patent technological innovation extends to the computer industry and the financial industry, laying the cornerstone for the rise of core scientific and technological forces. Then, the supply chain patent technology covers the agriculture and energy industries. The supply chain technology mining of traditional industries and green industries has become the key force to construct the supply chain innovation network. With the circular development of technology, the supply chain technology has been deepened in the energy industry, food industry and computer industry. So far, the supply chain patent innovation network has been continuously upgraded under the background of global technological innovation, and its innovation network is becoming more and more mature. With the innovation trend of supply chain patent technology, calculation / calculation / counting, communication technology, transportation / packaging / storage have become the hot spots of supply chain patent application, as well as competitive areas for patent technologies of various countries.
(2) The supply chain cooperative innovation network with core cities is becoming more and more mature, and it has played a driving and radiating role in the surrounding cities. With the continuous innovation of supply chain patent technology, many countries around the world have joined the team of supply chain patent innovation, basically forming a system dominated by interregional collaborative innovation. In the spatial pattern of patent innovation in the supply chain supplemented by transnational cooperative innovation, the heterogeneous community structure is becoming increasingly prominent. Countries urgently need to eliminate the locking effect and enhance the scale of industry university research collaborative innovation.
(3) With the increasing popularity of supply chain patent technology, more and more subjects participate in supply chain innovation. Therefore, the scale of supply chain patent space network is gradually expanding, but the spatial layout is uneven, which is mainly reflected in that countries mainly focus on domestic cross regional cooperation, supplemented by transnational cooperation, and most cross-national cooperation is among the United States, Japan and South Korea. Therefore, countries should establish a more open cooperation, truly realize the barrier free exchange of patented technology in the supply chain, and constantly realize technological breakthrough and innovation in cooperation.
(4) Focusing on the technological innovation of China′s supply chain, we can find that the scale of patents is gradually increasing, but the form of cooperation is relatively single, the collaborative innovation mode of industry-university-research cooperation has not really played a role. At the same time, the technical theme layout does not match the development of China′s advantageous industries, so it is urgent to design the supply chain patent layout at the top level. The mining of supply chain technology should be combined with the characteristics of China′s industrial development to realize the spiral synchronous rise of technology and industry. |
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| Keywords: | innovation network supply chain evolution path patent layout |
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