| 中国式分权与城市扩张——基于公地悲剧的再解释 |
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| 引用本文： | 李永乐,吴群.中国式分权与城市扩张——基于公地悲剧的再解释[J].资源科学,2013,35(1):199-206. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李永乐 吴群 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京财经大学公共管理学院,南京210023;南京财经大学城市发展研究院,南京210023;南京农业大学土地管理学院,南京210095
2. 南京农业大学土地管理学院,南京,210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目:“财政分权、地方政府偏好与区域土地利用变化”(编号:71073082);国家自然科学基金项目:“基于交易费用视角的农村经营性建设用地流转治理结构研究”(编号:71003052);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;南京财经大学科研基金项目:“中国式分权、地方财政收支偏向与城市用地规模扩张”(编号:A2011015);2010年-2011年度北京大学-林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心论文奖学金项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以“公地悲剧”为分析的起点,阐释了地方政府在分权体制下的行为选择对城市扩张带来的影响,并采用静态和动态面板数据模型,以财政包干阶段和分税制阶段的分省份面板数据(1985年-1992年和1999年-2008年)为基础,进行经验研究和比较分析.不同分权阶段的模型估计结果表明:不同阶段地方政府为增长而竞争的努力对城市扩张的影响并没有发生变化,起到正向的推动作用；不同阶段财政分权体制对城市扩张的影响存在差异,财政包干阶段的影响为负,而分税制阶段的影响为正,在影响程度上支出分权大于收入分权.现阶段,需要中央政府通过“做对激励”和“做对协调”的相关政策措施来改变地方政府的行为取向,从而实现合理的城市扩张.同时,本文还发现,土地市场建设有利于减缓城市扩张的速度；滞后一期的城市扩张对当期的城市扩张存在正向影响.
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| 关 键 词： | 财政分权 城市扩张 公地悲剧 地方财政收入 |
Chinese Decentralization and Urban Sprawl: Second Explanation under the Tragedy of the Commons |
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| LI Yongle and WU Qun.Chinese Decentralization and Urban Sprawl: Second Explanation under the Tragedy of the Commons[J].Resources Science,2013,35(1):199-206. |
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| Authors: | LI Yongle and WU Qun |
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| Institution: | School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;The Institute of Urban Development Studies, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China;College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;College of Land Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China |
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| Abstract: | Theoretical analysis and empirical research were employed to verify the tragedy of the commons hypothesis. The behaviors of local governments affecting urban sprawl under the Chinese decentralization system were analyzed from the perspective of different periods. The package of current land institutions considers the rural land as commons and this is the reason local governments can easily expropriate rural land. Pooled OLS, random effects and fixed effects methods were used for the static panel data model, while system-GMM methods were used for dynamic panel data modeling. The results show that the impact of decentralization to urban sprawl is different at different stages. The first policy implication arising from our data is that local governments who earn income from urban sprawl are affected by the current tax sharing system. In order to change the directions of local government, central government can adjust the system of sharing taxes, and improve budget management and land transfer fees. The second policy implication is that a tax differentiation strategy that guides local governments to adopt a different industry strategy should be developed. In conclusion, the amount of urban sprawl was affected by itself and land market development will be useful when attempting to slow the speed of urban expansion. |
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| Keywords: | Chinese-style fiscal decentralization Urban sprawl The tragedy of the commons Local fiscal revenue |
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