| 传播失效与行业格局——试析中国古代金属活字落选的社会原因 |
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| 引用本文： | 马理.传播失效与行业格局——试析中国古代金属活字落选的社会原因[J].科学学研究,2004,22(4):355-361. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马理 |
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| 作者单位： | 四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都,610065 |
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| 摘 要： | 从商代至宋,中国已为金属活字做好了全面的技术准备。明代中叶,随着各方面社会条件的具备,江南乡绅开始尝试金属活字,十几年间技术成熟,传播面涵盖三大出版中心,时间持续近百年。然而,最终传播失效,古人仍选择雕板印刷。对这桩中国古代科技传播史上著名悬案的解答,本文从传播学观点出发,认为行业三元格局中的官刻对技术创新的不作为和私刻对精粹文化品位的追求外在地对坊刻起着示范作用;金属活字技术上的"借壳现象"与书坊家族制劳动力结构特性又形成内在的合力,共同导致了书商投资的社会动力不足,是中国古代金属活字技术传播失效、落选的主要社会原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 金属活字 传播失效 行业格局 |
| 文章编号： | 1003-2053(2004)04-0355-07 |
The inefficaciousness of the spread and pattern of printing trade--A probe of the social reasons of the failure to be chosen in metal movable type printing technique in ancient China |
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| MA Li.The inefficaciousness of the spread and pattern of printing trade--A probe of the social reasons of the failure to be chosen in metal movable type printing technique in ancient China[J].Studies in Science of Science,2004,22(4):355-361. |
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| Authors: | MA Li |
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| Abstract: | From Shang Dynasty to Song Dynasty, China had made overall preparations for metal movable type printing technique. During the medium term of Ming Dynasty, some squires in the south of the Changjian Rivr met the suitable social conditions to try metal movable type printing technique. As a result, this technique came to maturity in about 14 years, its spread covered three press centres and the time lasted about a century. But, at last, its dissemination no longer had effect and our ancestor still stuck to wood block for printing. To answer this famous unsettled question in the history of Science and Civilization in China, I think, from the viewpoint of diffusion, that there existed a three—unit pattern in printing trade, in which the official inaccomplishment of technique inn ovation and management, the pursuit of delicate cultural character from "Home Block Printing" externally played an exemplary role. Also, the skeuomorphism in metal movable type printing technique and the characteristic of family structural labor in "Private Bookshop" formed an internal join forces. Both of these external and internal factors were the main social reasons which led to the inadequacy of the social impetus from bookseller to invest in metal movable type printing technique, its inefficacious spread and failure to be chosen. |
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| Keywords: | metal movable type printing inefficaciousness of spread pattern of printing trade |
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