| 美国私立中小学财政资助政策合法化过程透析 |
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| 引用本文： | 申素平,邓雨薇.美国私立中小学财政资助政策合法化过程透析[J].复旦教育论坛,2021,19(1):97-104. |
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| 作者姓名： | 申素平 邓雨薇 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872;中国人民大学教育学院,北京100872 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国人民大学科学研究基金（中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助）（21XNL007） |
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| 摘 要： | 政府对私立教育的财政资助问题是各国教育政策的一个重要内容。20世纪30年代以来,伴随美国政府对私立中小学进行财政资助的政策尝试,逐步开启法院对该类政策的合法性审查。在近百年的财政资助诉讼史中,美国联邦最高法院对该类政策的态度经历了完全禁止—开始允许—严格限制—摇摆不定—积极资助的发展轨迹,逐渐形成了以“莱蒙检验”为框架、以“中立性”准则为重心、以“儿童受益”准则和“支持检验”为辅助的多元审查体系。其“以学生为中心”、尊重家长“教育选择”和“平等”的价值理念,以及资助的内容和实现方式均具有重要的启示意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 私立教育 财政资助 教育法 美国 |
A Probe into the Legalization of Public Funding to Private Primary and Secondary Schools in the United States |
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| SHEN Suping,DENG Yuwei.A Probe into the Legalization of Public Funding to Private Primary and Secondary Schools in the United States[J].Fudan Education Forum,2021,19(1):97-104. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Suping DENG Yuwei |
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| Institution: | School of Education, Renmin University of China |
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| Abstract: | The issue of public funding to private schools has always been an important issue in national education legislation. Since the 1930s, U.S. governments'' attempts to implement policies of financial support for private primary and secondary schools have gradually opened the door to courts'' scrutiny of the legality of such policies. Over the litigation course of nearly a century, the U.S. Supreme Court''s attitude towards these policies has developed along the track of totally forbidden - partially permitted - strictly restricted - precariously swayed - actively supported. In the meantime, the Court has also formed a pluralistic system to scrutinize their legality, namely, the structure of the Lemon Test, the focus on Neutrality and the ancillary of Child Benefit Doctrine and Endorsement Test. It is worthwhile to learn from the values of "student-centeredness", "neutrality", respect for patents'' "educational choice" and "equality" implied in the system, as well as the content and realization of diversified financial support policies. |
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| Keywords: | private education financial support education law United States |
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