| R&D 资源配置扭曲、TFP 与人力资本的纠偏作用 |
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| 引用本文： | R&D 资源配置扭曲、TFP 与人力资本的纠偏作用.R&D 资源配置扭曲、TFP 与人力资本的纠偏作用[J].科学学研究,2021,39(1):42-52. |
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| 作者姓名： | R&D 资源配置扭曲、TFP 与人力资本的纠偏作用 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学（武汉） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金后期资助项目 |
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| 摘 要： | R&D投入递增而全要素生产率增长停滞不前甚至倒退严重制约了中国经济的高质量发展。基于R&D资源配置视角,根据2000-2016年中国30个省市（除西藏、港澳台地区）面板数据,将资源错配研究方法引入知识生产函数,测算中国创新生产系统R&D资金和人员的配置扭曲状况,探究R&D资源配置扭曲对全要素生产率的影响,以及人力资本在R&D资源配置扭曲中发挥纠偏作用的门槛效应。研究结果表明：（1）中国R&D资源存在资金配置过度而人员配置不足的问题,且R&D资源配置扭曲存在明显的区域异质性;（2）R&D资源配置扭曲制约了全要素生产率的增长,与R&D人员配置相比,R&D资金配置扭曲的负向影响作用更大;（3）创新环境和对外开放对提高全要素生产率具有正向作用,而政府干预则显著制约了全要素生产率增长;;（4）人力资本达到了一定水平后能够吸收配置过多的R&D资金,但绝大多数省市并未达到这一门槛值水平。为优化R&D资源配置并发挥其对全要素生产率的正向促进作用,应当建立完善以市场为主导配置R&D资源的长效机制,通过优化创新环境、提高对外开放水平等,促进R&D资源要素合理流动;同时评估政府配置R&D资金政策的有效性,不断完善R&D资金的财税政策支持规则和方式。而为了发挥人力资本的纠偏作用,需要加大教育培训和健康投资,提高人才素质和人力资本水平,推进以“人力资本红利”代替“人口红利”。
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| 关 键 词： | 全要素生产率 R&D资源配置 人力资本 门槛效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-01-07 |
Effect of distorted allocation of R&D resources on total factor productivity and the corrective action of human capital |
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| Abstract: | The increasing investment in R&D and stagnant or even retrogression of total factor productivity severely restricted the high-quality development of Chinese economy. On the basis of R&D resources allocation, the thesis introduces the resource misallocation method into knowledge production function and measures the distorted allocation of R&D funds and personnel in China's innovative production system with the use of the panel data of China’s 30 provinces and cities from 2000 to 2016 （except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan）. The thesis also studies the effect of distorted allocation of R&D resources on total factor productivity, and the threshold effect of the corrective action existed in the distorted allocation of Chinese R&D resources. The research results show that, firstly, excessive allocation of funds and insufficient allocation of personnel exist in China's R&D resources. Secondly, the distorted allocation of R&D resources restricts the growth of total factor productivity, and the negative effect of the distorted allocation of R&D funds is greater. Thirdly, innovation environment and opening-up have a positive effect on improving total factor productivity, while government policy intervention has significantly restricted total factor productivity growth. Lastly, human capital can absorb excessive R&D funds when it reaches a certain level, but most provinces and cities do not reach this threshold level. To optimize the allocation of R&D resources and give play to its positive promoting effect on total factor productivity, a long-term mechanism for allocating R&D resources dominated by the market should be established to improve the rational flow of R&D resource elements through optimizing innovation environment and improving informatization level. Meanwhile, evaluate the effectiveness of the government's R&D fund allocation policy, and constantly improve the fiscal and tax policy support rules and methods of R&D funds. To play the corrective role of human capital, education training and health investment should be increased, while talent quality and human capital level should be improved as well, and "human capital bonus" should be replaced by "demographic dividend". |
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