| 国内和国际游泳比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员节奏策略的选择 |
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| 引用本文： | 陆家麒,周胜如,李旭鸿.国内和国际游泳比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员节奏策略的选择[J].浙江体育科学,2022(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 陆家麒 周胜如 李旭鸿 |
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| 作者单位： | 杭州师范大学体育学院;杭州师范大学体育赛事与健康促进研究中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 2022度杭州市哲学社会科学规划课题基地项目。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的:探讨国内和国际比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员的节奏策略,各种泳姿对比赛成绩的影响以及性别和游泳能力水平所扮演的角色。方法:国内和国际各三场比赛中94名运动员的分段成绩和比赛用时百分比用于分析,采用双因素方差分析来探讨性别(男、女)和游泳能力水平(1-3名和4-8名)对各泳姿比赛用时百分比的影响,另外通过皮尔逊相关系数来确定哪种泳姿(分段成绩)对比赛成绩的影响。结果:国内和国际比赛中运动员均以最快的速度完成前1/4赛程,在比赛中间阶段速度明显下降,最后1/4阶段再全力冲刺的比赛节奏。获得奖牌者的仰泳成绩相关系数最高(r>0.730),4-8名运动员则是自由泳成绩(r>0.620)。国内和国际比赛中男子运动员在蛙泳阶段的比赛用时百分明显高于女子(P=0.005,P=0.006),但在自由泳阶段较低(P=0.034,P=0.005)。结论:不论性别和游泳能力水平,国内和国际比赛中200m个人混合泳运动员的节奏策略均为抛物线型。其中男子运动员更倾向于积极加速的节奏策略,而女子则青睐于消极的节奏策略。在国内外比赛中,1-3名和4-8名分别与仰泳、自由泳成绩强相关。在专项训练中,应该考虑性别和游泳能力水平的差异尤其在仰泳和自由泳泳姿上。
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| 关 键 词： | 分段成绩 混合泳 节奏策略 游泳成绩 |
The Choice of Pacing Strategies of Individual Medley Athletes in Domestic and International Swimming Competitions |
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| LU Jia-qi,ZHOU Sheng-ru,LI Xu-hong.The Choice of Pacing Strategies of Individual Medley Athletes in Domestic and International Swimming Competitions[J].Zhejiang Sport Science,2022(2). |
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| Authors: | LU Jia-qi ZHOU Sheng-ru LI Xu-hong |
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| Institution: | (School of P.E., Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;Research Center for Sports Events and Health Promotion, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China) |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to ascertain the pacing strategies employed of 200m individual medley athletes in domestic and international swimming competitions and which style was the most determinant for the final performance as a function of sex and swimming level.Split time and the percentages in each style of 94 athletes in three domestic and international swimming events were analyzed.A 2-way analysis of variance in sex(men,women)and swimming level(1st to 3rd,4th to 8th)on the percentages in each style and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between the style(split time)and the final time.In the domestic and international swimming competitions,athletes finished the first quarter of the race with a faster speed.The velocity of swimming decreased significantly in the middle stage and all-out sprint in the final step.Considering for the medalists,the backstroke was the style that most determined their final performance(r>0.730),whereas it was the freestyle in 4th to 8th(r>0.620)The men employed a greater percentage of their event times in the breaststroke than did the women(P=0.005;P=0.006)and a smaller percentage in the freestyle(P=0.034;P=0.005)in both domestic and international swimming competitions.It was concluded that regardless of gender and swimming level,the pacing strategy of 200m individual medley swimmers in domestic and international competitions was parabolic-shaped.In general the men apply a positive and accelerated pacing strategy,whereas the women apply a negative pacing strategy.In 200m medley events the backstroke was the style that most determined their final performance,whereas it was the freestyle in 4th to 8th.Differences in gender and swimming ability level should be considered in specific training,especially in backstroke and freestyle strokes style. |
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| Keywords: | split time medley pacing strategy swimming performance |
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