| 高等教育质量保障的法律纠纷及解决机制——基于德国与美国的经验 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚荣.高等教育质量保障的法律纠纷及解决机制——基于德国与美国的经验[J].河北师范大学学报(教育科学版),2021,23(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“高等教育质量保障的法律规制研究”(CIA180271)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 高等教育质量保障的法律规制是大学法研究的前沿议题,以德国与美国为代表的两大法律体系,分别被纳入公法规制与普通法规制的范畴。在德国,高等教育认证行为属于行政行为,高校与认证代理机构之间的纠纷属于公法争议。申诉、行政诉讼与宪法诉愿等公法救济机制,构成德国高等学校与认证代理机构之间纠纷的解决渠道。如何避免认证对学术自由构成侵害,已成为德国公法学界与实务界关注的核心议题。受联邦宪法法院大学课程认证裁定的影响,德国高等教育认证体系正在进行深刻变革与调整。在美国,高等教育认证机构具有非营利性组织的法律地位,须履行诚实信用以及基本的正当程序等普通法的一般义务。高等教育认证机构对“认证联邦化”的抵制以及高等教育机构对认证决定的抱怨或不满,构成美国高等教育质量保障纠纷的焦点议题。穷尽内部救济与“司法终局性”原则,被视为美国高等教育质量保障纠纷的解决机制。德美两国在高等教育质量保障法律纠纷的解决中形成的经验和教训,对我国明确高等教育质量保障机构的法律地位、强化高等教育质量保障的程序正义、建全高等教育质量的多元纠纷解决机制具有重要启示。
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| 关 键 词： | 高等教育质量保障 法律纠纷 解决机制 公法规制 普通法规制 |
Higher Education Quality Assurance:Legal Disputes and Solution Mechanism--An Empirical Study of Germany and the United States |
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| YAO Rong.Higher Education Quality Assurance:Legal Disputes and Solution Mechanism--An Empirical Study of Germany and the United States[J].Journal of Hebei Normal University,2021,23(2). |
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| Authors: | YAO Rong |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Higher education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China) |
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| Abstract: | As a frontier topic in the study of university law,the legal regulation of higher education quality assurance is included in the scope of regulations of public law and common law in the two legal systems represented by Germany and the United States.In Germany,higher education accreditation is an administrative action,and disputes between universities and accreditation agencies are public law disputes.Public law relief mechanisms such as appeals,administrative litigation and constitutional appeals constitute solutions to disputes between institutions of higher education and accreditation agencies in Germany.It has become a core issue of concern for German public law academics and practitioners to avoid accreditation that constitutes an infringement of academic freedom.Affected by the ruling of Federal Constitutional Court on the course accreditation in universities,the German higher education accreditation system is undergoing profound changes and adjustments.In the United States,higher education accreditation bodies have the legal status of nonprofit organizations that are subject to general obligations such as good faith and basic due process in common law.The resistance of the Council for Higher Education Accreditation(CHEA)to“federalizing accreditation”and the complaints or dissatisfaction of higher education institutions on the accreditation decisions constitute the focus of disputes on quality assurance of higher education in the US.The principle of exhausting internal remedies and the principle of judicial finality are regarded as the solution mechanism for quality assurance disputes in higher education in the United States.China could draw inspiration from the experience and lessons of Germany and the United States in solving the legal disputes of higher education quality assurance to clarify the legal status of higher education quality assurance institutions,strengthen procedural justice of higher education quality assurance,and establish a diversified dispute resolution mechanism for higher education quality. |
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| Keywords: | higher education quality assurance legal disputes solution mechanism public law regulation common law regulation |
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