| 学术自由和自由探究 |
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| 引用本文： | 科尔.学术自由和自由探究[J].科学文化评论,2012,9(5):33-62. |
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| 作者姓名： | 科尔 |
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| 作者单位： | 哥伦比亚大学约翰·米切尔·梅森讲席教授 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文回顾了学术自由与自由探究这一美国大学最为重要的价值观，从一战到冷战再到小布什执政时期受到攻击和侵蚀，以及大学及其领导人如何回应这些攻击的历史。在人们感到国家安全处于危机时，个人权利和学术自由往往成了牺牲品。从机构的层面来看，布什政府时期学术自由受到威胁的程度甚至大于冷战时期。因此，重申学术自由的理念、捍卫教师的权力和大学自治的原则，是美国的一项重要任务。学术自由旨在建立一套大学治理的结构关系和价值观，捍卫大学的治理规则，这些规则界定了教师在大学里享有的特权，它“是使整个学术事业合法化的关键概念”，亦是大学和美国社会建立的一种关键性的契约。只有保证学术自由，大学和社会才能取得双赢。
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| 关 键 词： | 学术自由 自由探究 美国大学 布什政府 同行评议 |
Academic Freedom and Free Inquiry |
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| Abstract: | This paper reviews the history how academic freedom and free inquiry, the most important value held by American universities, has undergone attack and erosion from the First World War period to the Cold War period and then to the period of George W. Bush＇ s administration, as well as the history how universities and their leaders have responded to these attacks. When there is a general feeling that national security is in crisis, individual rights and academic freedom are often comprimised and sacrificed. From the perspective of institutions, the degree academic freedom was threatened during the Bush administration was even greater than during the Cold War period. Therefore, to reiterate the concept of academic freedom and to defend the faculty＇s capacity and the principle of university autonomy, is an important task facing the United States. Academic freedom is aimed to establish a set of structural relationships and values concerning the university governance, and to defend the university governance rules which define the privileges enjoyed by the faculty. It is ＂a key concept in legalizing the entire academic enterprise＂ , and also a key contract reached between the universities and the American society. Only with the guarantee of academic freedom, can a win-win situation be achieved between the university and the society. |
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| Keywords: | academic freedom free inquiry American universities peer review Bush administration |
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