| 基于SWAT的平原圩区受控水文过程识别和模拟 |
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| 引用本文： | 罗运祥,苏保林,张倩,杨武志.基于SWAT的平原圩区受控水文过程识别和模拟[J].资源科学,2013,35(3):594-600. |
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| 作者姓名： | 罗运祥 苏保林 张倩 杨武志 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家十一五科技重大专项项目:“水体污染控制与治理”(编号:2009ZX07526-005)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 平原圩区地势平坦,水系结构复杂,汇流和排水过程受到农业水利工程的影响,仅基于DEM提取流域的方法难以使SWAT模型正确识别圩区汇水关系.在充分调查分析平原圩区水文过程的基础上,提出了改进SWAT模型子流域概化方法:①采用分区多出口模拟、水库控制出流等方法以识别平原圩区复杂、受控的水文过程;②基于主要地物要素对原始DEM进行修正,并通过河道结构合理化修正以处理河道分汊和网状河流汇流关系.江西省赣江下游典型平原圩区蒋巷联圩实例研究表明,应用上述强化子流域提取方法,能够使SWAT模型较好地对平原圩区复杂、受控的水文过程进行识别和模拟,水量模拟相关系数和效率系数均达到0.8以上.通过对比自然出流和受控出流的模拟结果和出流特征,表明SWAT模型能够较好地识别平原圩区内电排站对径流的调蓄和截留作用.
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| 关 键 词： | 平原圩区 SWAT模型 强化流域提取 受控水文过程 |
Identifying and Modeling Confined Hydrological Processes in Plain Polders |
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| LUO Yunxiang,SU Baolin,ZHANG Qian and YANG Wuzhi.Identifying and Modeling Confined Hydrological Processes in Plain Polders[J].Resources Science,2013,35(3):594-600. |
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| Authors: | LUO Yunxiang SU Baolin ZHANG Qian and YANG Wuzhi |
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| Institution: | College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | The plain polders are characterized by flat topography, low hydraulic gradients, and controlled hydrological processes. Hydrological connection between the inside polder area and the receiving water body is confined by the water control facilities. The plain polders are often highly regulated, which may change and add up to the complexity of hydrological processes such as production and concentration. SWAT is a physically based, distributed model, which can simulate rain-runoff process, sediment and nutrient transport in watersheds with complex land use, soil and management. However, hydrological processes are usually modeled as free discharge processes, which is not applicable in plain polders. In addition, watershed delineation cannot be simply accomplished without considering anthropogenic land cover features (i.e. dykes, sluices, and roads), which will affect runoff processes. As the dykes and sluices segment the whole polder into several independent catchment units, it is proposed to model the hydrological processes separately for each catchment unit, which makes the modeled process agree with the real routing process affected by dykes. As runoff is usually routed through the ditches to the nearby pumping station and pumped out under control, it is proposed to model the hydrologic processes with multiple outlets, which can make the modeled process agree with the realistic one. River network and anthropogenic land cover features (i.e. dykes, sluices, and roads) were incorporated into the DEM to make the watershed delineation agree with the realistic flow direction and accumulation process. The reservoir, which acts as the impoundment of pump station, was added to model the confined drainage processes. The results show that these watershed delineation techniques can simulate the manually-controlled and complicated hydrological processes in plain polders. Scenario analysis showed that the outflow of confined process was slightly lower than the free-discharge process under the same conditions, indicating the retention effect of runoff in the pump station. The water body of the pump station can store runoff until water exceeds the target volume. During this process, the hydrologic residue time is increased compared to the free-discharge process, increasing the time of water-lose processes such as infiltration and evaporation. After adding a reservoir to control the drainage process, there is little or no outflow in the confined process during the dry season, in accordance with the observed drainage process. |
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| Keywords: | Polder area SWAT model Enhanced watershed delineation Controlled hydrological processes |
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