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| 向海自然保护区湿地资源保护有效性及其影响因素分析 | |
| 引用本文： | 任春颖,张柏,张树清,王宗明,宋开山,杨军.向海自然保护区湿地资源保护有效性及其影响因素分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(6):75-82. |
| 作者姓名： | 任春颖 张柏 张树清 王宗明 宋开山 杨军 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春,130012;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049 2. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春,130012 3. 吉林向海国家级自然保护区管理局,通榆,137215 |
| 基金项目： | 吉林省科技发展计划;中国科学院科研基金;中国科学院知识创新工程项目 |
| 摘 要： | 向海自然保护区是以保护丹顶鹤等珍稀水禽和蒙古黄榆为主的国家级湿地自然保护区,具有重要的国际地位与作用。但是,湿地资源的退化现状使得人们对于保护区的有效性产生了疑问。本研究借助于RS与GIS技术,利用1954年、1986年和2004年的土地利用数据,对比分析了向海自然保护区建立前后、保护区内各功能区、保护区及其周边区域的湿地资源动态变化。结果表明:1954年~2004年,湿地面积由414.98km2减少为269.9km2;保护区建立后湿地面积仍持续减少,年变化率由0.79%降低为0.73%;湿地破碎化程度并不严重,主要退化为盐碱地和草地类型;保护区的建立有效减缓了核心区内湿地的损失速度,对实验区与缓冲区的作用则较为薄弱;与其外部的两个缓冲带相比,保护区内湿地资源的动态变化比较显著;湿地的萎缩退化严重影响了鹤类等珍稀水禽的生境质量,导致其繁殖效率与种群数量发生波动变化。区域气候环境变化是导致湿地退化的自然驱动力,人为干扰以及保护区自身建设与管理中存在的问题是影响保护区对湿地资源发挥有效保护作用的主导因素。 |
| 关 键 词： | 湿地 向海自然保护区 有效性 RS和GIS |
| 文章编号： | 1007-7588（2007）06-0075-08 |
| 收稿时间： | 1/5/2007 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-01-05 |
Effects of Wetland Protection and Influential Factors in Xianghai Nature Reserve |
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| REN Chun-ying,ZHANG Bai,ZHANG Shu-qing,WANG Zong-ming,SONG Kai-shan and YANG Jun.Effects of Wetland Protection and Influential Factors in Xianghai Nature Reserve[J].Resources Science,2007,29(6):75-82. | |
| Authors: | REN Chun-ying ZHANG Bai ZHANG Shu-qing WANG Zong-ming SONG Kai-shan and YANG Jun |
| Institution: | 1. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS, Changchun 130012, China; 2. Managing Department of Xianghai National Nature Reserve, Jilin Province, Tongyu 137215, China; 3. The Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
| Abstract: | The Xianghai National Nature Reserve,located in the northwest of Jilin Province,is one of the most important protected areas in China.The wetland in Xianghai is not only the important resources but also one of the main breeding habitats for red-headed cranes in Northeast China.The environmental condition in the wetland for the protection of cranes is of highest significance.However, losses and degradation of wetlands have been evolving into serious environmental problems in the recent decades.However,currently the management for effective protection of the special habitat is not very clear.In this paper,with aid of RS and GIS,dynamic changing process of wetlands was studied by using land use data in 1954,1986 and 2004.To evaluate the effectiveness of the natural reserve,comparisons of dynamic degree of wetland were carried out within different periods and areas,such as before and after the construction of protected area,different function zones,inside and outside the protected area.Numbers of migrating cranes were illustrated to assess the change of habitat quality.The natural and human factors were analyzed to explain the degradation of wetland.The results show that from 1954 to 2004,wetland has experienced substantial losses,with a decrease area from 414.98 km~2 in 1954 to 269.9 km~2 in 2004,and after the construction of protected area the decrease speed was slightly slowed down from 0.79% to 0.73%.The effectiveness of wetland protection in core area was better than that in buffer and experimental areas because of the serious influences of human activities.Compared with two outside buffer areas,wetland in Xianghai had more obviously spatial-temporal changes.Furthermore,the number of waterbirds also fluctuated along with the reduction of wetlands and climate changes.The degeneration of climate conditions,growth of population,increase of farmland and the insufficiencies in construction and management of protected area are the main reasons of the weak effectiveness for the protection of wetland in Xianghai National Natural Reserve.Finally,this study provides some suggestions for wetland protection and recovery that may further improve the regional ecological environment. |
| Keywords: | Wetland Xianghai National Nature Reserve Effectiveness RS and GIS |
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