| 地产价格梯度研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 于伟,饶烨,李雪,宋金平.地产价格梯度研究进展[J].资源科学,2012,34(12):2265-2273. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于伟 饶烨 李雪 宋金平 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京100875;曲阜师范大学地理与旅游学院, 日照276800;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京100875;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京100875;北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院, 北京100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41271132);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(编号:201211001);2010年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金。 |
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| 摘 要： | 国外大量研究通过估算地产价格梯度来解析城市空间结构的特征与发展,2004年以来国内城市的相关研究也得到关注。本文回顾了地产价格梯度研究的主要方法、基本假设与模型改进。研究中主要采用了特征价格模型与重复销售模型两种方法,其中特征价格模型使用频率最高,非参数估计、样条函数等能够揭示价格梯度复杂特征的新方法也得到了应用。城市空间结构预设主要包括单中心假设、非单中心或多中心假设和无中心预设三种,单中心模型中,欧式距离变量应用最普遍,使用交通花费、交通时间或虚拟变量取代或改进距离变量,能够取得更优的估计结果。空间自相关带来的异方差问题容易导致模型估计的无效,如何检验和修正空间自相关得到了广泛的探索。最后从样本选取、变量设置、空间预设和模型应用方面展望了国内研究的方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 地产 竞租函数 价格梯度 城市空间结构 空间自相关 研究进展 |
| 修稿时间： | 8/3/2012 12:00:00 AM |
A Review of Empirical Studies on Property Price Gradients |
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| YU Wei,RAO Ye,LI Xue and SONG Jinping.A Review of Empirical Studies on Property Price Gradients[J].Resources Science,2012,34(12):2265-2273. |
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| Authors: | YU Wei RAO Ye LI Xue and SONG Jinping |
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| Institution: | School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276800, China;School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China |
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| Abstract: | The paper reviews the methodologies, assumptions and improvements in empirical studies of property price gradients. The hedonic pricing model and the repeat-sales model are two basic methodologies of estimation. The hedonic pricing model is widely used as it requires fewer price data and the functional form is flexible to include different explanatory variables. The repeat-sales model uses a pair of observations for a single property, helpful for researchers when choosing variables, but subject to the availability of pair-wise transaction records. New methods which are able to reveal the complexity of price gradient curves are also employed, such as the spline function and the nonparametric approach. There are three different assumptions on the spatial structure of an urban area: the monocentric assumption, the non-monocentric/polycentric assumption and no priori assumption. When the monocentric assumption is used, the distance-to-CBD variable is included. Euclidean distance is used most frequently, but it is as unable to represent the accessibility to CBD. With the distance and location dummy variables, the fitting accuracy of the model is also improved. As American modern urban areas have become increasingly decentralized and polycentric, a non-monocentric or polycentric assumption was suggested, but it is not easy to identify each sub-center accurately. Recently, some scholars suggest a location dummy variable without any assumptions about the location of the center to cope with the problem. Empirical studies of Chinese domestic situations mainly focus on Beijing. It is believed that the monocentric assumption is suitable for Beijing and most of other cities, which suggests that influential sub-centers have not yet formed. Attention has been given to the suburbanization of mega-cities since 1982, and the effect of sub-centers on price gradients in some cities has been of concern. The hedonic pricing model is used when estimating price gradients, but the repeat-sales model remains untested. Ignoring the heteroscedasticity of estimations due to spatial autocorrelations may result in failure of the negative gradient in empirical studies. Numerous methods have been proposed to test and rectify spatial autocorrelation. To conclude this review we propose that further research focus on sample data selection, setting variables, assumptions on the urban spatial structure, and improvements of the estimation models. |
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| Keywords: | Property Bit-rent function Price gradient Spatial structure Spatial autocorrelation Beijing |
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