| 碳中和目标下美国氢能战略转型及特征分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 魏凤,任小波,高林,高国庆,周超峰.碳中和目标下美国氢能战略转型及特征分析[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(9):1049-1057. |
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| 作者姓名： | 魏凤 任小波 高林 高国庆 周超峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;科技大数据湖北省重点实验室 武汉 430071;1 中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;中国科学院 重大科技任务局 北京 100864;中国科学院工程热物理研究所 北京 100190;中国科学院武汉文献情报中心 武汉 430071;科技大数据湖北省重点实验室 武汉 430071;中国科学院大学 图书情报与档案管理系 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）培育项目（XDPB21），国家电网公司科技项目（524625190024），中国科学院标准化试点项目（BZ20180002） |
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| 摘 要： | 氢能作为实现碳中和目标的重要清洁能源受到了全球瞩目。鉴于美国有逾30年的氢能研发和应用实践经验,文章对美国政府制定的氢能发展规划和战略开展详细调研,分析了自1990年以来的美国氢能战略及发展目标、方向、成效,并重点剖析美国2020年最新氢能发展战略和2021年氢能攻关计划。文章认为,当前美国氢能战略已经从最初建立氢能技术储备和推动氢燃料电池在交通行业的应用,转变为推进碳中和目标下加快氢能全链条、低成本技术开发应用,尤其是绿氢技术的研发和商业化等方向,具有实现碳中和目标、建立和发展氢经济、在全球氢能技术和市场中占主导地位等多元化目标;同时,美国在电解水技术方面具有较为成熟的研发示范经验,未来将向兆瓦级规模和太阳能、核能等可再生能源清洁制氢等方向发展。基于以上研究和分析,文章针对我国氢能战略提出了加强氢能发展顶层设计、攻关突破氢能核心技术、建立氢能全技术链发展模式、加强对外合作、开展标准制定和知识产权保护等建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 氢能战略 碳中和 全链条 加速商业化 技术储备 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/8/27 0:00:00 |
Analysis on Transformation and Characteristics of American Hydrogen Energy Strategy under Carbon Neutralization Goal |
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| WEI Feng,REN Xiaobo,GAO Lin,GAO Guoqing,ZHOU Chaofeng.Analysis on Transformation and Characteristics of American Hydrogen Energy Strategy under Carbon Neutralization Goal[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(9):1049-1057. |
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| Authors: | WEI Feng REN Xiaobo GAO Lin GAO Guoqing ZHOU Chaofeng |
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| Institution: | Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data in Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China;1 Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;Bureau of Major R&D Programs, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China;Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;Wuhan Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data in Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China;Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | As an important means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization, hydrogen energy has attracted global attention. As the United States has more than 30 years of practical experience in hydrogen energy R&D and application, this study conducts a detailed investigation on the hydrogen energy development plan and strategy formulated by the U.S. government, analyzes the U.S. hydrogen energy strategy and development objectives, direction and achievements since 1990, and focuses on the latest U.S. hydrogen energy development strategy in 2020 and the hydrogen energy breakthrough plan in 2021. It is concluded that the current US government has moved from initially establishing hydrogen energy technology reserves and promoting the application of hydrogen fuel cells in the transportation industry to accelerating the R&D and commercialization of the low-cost whole chain of hydrogen energy, especially green hydrogen technology under the goal of carbon neutralization, with diversified goals such as realizing the goal of carbon neutralization, establishing and developing hydrogen economy, and occupying a leading position in the global hydrogen energy technology and market. At the same time, the United States has relatively mature R&D and demonstration experience in electrolytic water technology. In the future, it will develop in the direction of megawatt scale and clean hydrogen production from renewable energy such as solar energy and nuclear energy. Based on such analysis, it is suggested that China should strengthen top-level design of hydrogen energy development, tackle key problems and breaking through core technologies of hydrogen energy, establish the development model of the whole hydrogen energy technology chain, strengthen international cooperation, formulate standards, and protect intellectual property. |
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| Keywords: | hydrogen energy strategy carbon neutralization whole chain accelerate commercialization technical reserve |
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