| 地球大数据支撑联合国可持续发展目标：气候变化与应对 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄磊,贾根锁,房世波,上官冬辉,胡永红,张兆明,彭代亮.地球大数据支撑联合国可持续发展目标：气候变化与应对[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(8):923-931. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄磊 贾根锁 房世波 上官冬辉 胡永红 张兆明 彭代亮 |
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| 作者单位： | 可持续发展大数据国际研究中心 北京 100094;中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 北京 100094;中国科学院大气物理研究所 北京 100029;中国气象科学研究院 北京 100081;中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA19090122） |
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| 摘 要： | 气候变化正在成为未来几十年人类可持续发展面临的主要威胁。如何准确监测极端气候事件和灾害,为应对气候变化和灾害防控提供强有力的数据和科学支持,成为亟待回答的重大科学问题和决策命题。联合国可持续发展目标(SDGs)第13项——"气候行动:采取紧急行动应对气候变化及其影响"(SDG 13),就是要通过各国的实际行动,减缓气候变化威胁,增强人类适应能力。然而,目前SDG 13相关指标都缺少空间数据和信息的支撑。地球大数据具有高度协同性和集成性,有利于减小研究和评估结果的不确定性,同时也能满足气候变化和灾害风险研究对科学数据提出的迫切需求。文章围绕减缓气候相关灾害影响和降低温室气体排放两大主题,通过地球大数据平台,综合多源空间数据,研究获取灾害时空分布、碳收支变化趋势的方法;并依据该方法获取具有空间信息的数据集,以支撑SDG 13实现,为气候减灾和碳减排提供决策支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 地球大数据 可持续发展目标 气候行动 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/7/29 0:00:00 |
Big Earth Data for UN Sustainable Development Goals: Climate Change and Action |
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| HUANG Lei,JIA Gensuo,FANG Shibo,SHANGGUAN Donghui,HU Yonghong,ZHANG Zhaoming,PENG Dailiang.Big Earth Data for UN Sustainable Development Goals: Climate Change and Action[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(8):923-931. |
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| Authors: | HUANG Lei JIA Gensuo FANG Shibo SHANGGUAN Donghui HU Yonghong ZHANG Zhaoming PENG Dailiang |
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| Institution: | International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing 100094, China;Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Climate change is becoming a major threat to human sustainable development in the coming decades. How to accurately and real-time monitor extreme weather events and disasters, and provide strong data and scientific support for climate change and disaster prevention and control, has become an urgent major scientific issue and decision-making proposition. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 Climate Action is to alleviate the threat of climate change and enhance human adaptation through the actions of countries. However, indicators of climate action lack the support of spatial data and information. The Big Earth Data is highly collaborative and integrated, which is conducive to reducing the uncertainty of research and assessment results. At the same time, it also reflects the urgent demand of climate change and disaster risk research for scientific data. This study focuses on the two major themes of mitigation of the impact of climate change related disasters and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Through the Big Earth Data platform, the work studies the methods of obtaining the spatial distribution of disasters and the trend of carbon budget change through the comprehensive multi-source data, and obtains the data sets with spatial information to support the SDG 13 Climate Action, providing decision support for disaster reduction and emission reduction. |
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| Keywords: | Big Earth Data Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) climate action |
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