| 支撑美国高水平基础研究的法律治理研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李玲娟,张畅然,余江.支撑美国高水平基础研究的法律治理研究[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(11):1326-1336. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李玲娟 张畅然 余江 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院大学 公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049;中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（E1E42104X2）,国家自然科学基金重点项目（71834006）,教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目（20JZD022） |
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| 摘 要： | 基础研究是重大原始创新的动力之源。由于基础研究具有探索性强、周期长、见效慢的特点,因而其本身极其依赖特定政策、法律及制度体系的保障。作为世界基础研究强国,美国基础研究的治理过程中坚持法治性特征,其法律治理过程主要从两个维度展开：（1）美国基础研究体系构成及相关的法律依据,美国基础研究体系是高度复杂、动态的系统,包括主要致力于自由探索基础研究的美国科学基金会和广泛考虑国家安全、社会发展需求的“使命导向型基础研究”机构;（2）不同类型基础研究在实施中的法律监管框架不同,自由探索基础研究和使命导向基础研究项目在资金来源、资助协议形式、经费构成及管理等方面存在不同的法律规则。
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| 关 键 词： | 基础研究 法律治理 美国 资助 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/10/29 0:00:00 |
Research on Legal Governance System of American Basic Research |
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| LI Lingjuan,ZHANG Changran,YU Jiang.Research on Legal Governance System of American Basic Research[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(11):1326-1336. |
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| Authors: | LI Lingjuan ZHANG Changran YU Jiang |
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| Institution: | School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China |
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| Abstract: | The study of the legal governance system of American basic research focuses on two dimensions, (1) The composition of American basic research system and the related legal basis. The American basic research system is a highly complex and dynamic system, including the US Science Foundation, which is dedicated to the free exploration of basic research, and the "mission-oriented basic research" agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, the US Energy Agency, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which focuses on national security and social development needs. (2) The legal and regulatory framework for the implementation of different types of basic research differs. There are different legal rules governing the source of funding, the form of funding agreements, the composition of funding, and the administration of free exploratory basic research and task-oriented basic research projects. |
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| Keywords: | basic research legal governance United States funding |
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