| 东北黑土保护性耕作技术的研究与实践 |
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| 引用本文： | 敖曼,张旭东,关义新.东北黑土保护性耕作技术的研究与实践[J].中国科学院院刊,2021,36(10):1203-1215. |
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| 作者姓名： | 敖曼 张旭东 关义新 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春 130102;1 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 长春 130102 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院科技服务网络计划（STS计划）（KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-16-001）,吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高技术产业化专项资金（2020SYHZ0022） |
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| 摘 要： | 相对于世界其他黑土区由于犁耕、秸秆翻埋耕作而引起的土壤退化,我国东北黑土区以旋耕、秸秆离田、秸秆田间焚烧为主的常规耕作导致的土壤退化问题更为严峻。以秸秆覆盖还田少/免耕为核心的保护性耕作技术是黑土保护与利用最为重要的一种技术。文章简述了保护性耕作的由来、定义、国外成熟的技术模式及其在我国推广实施中存在的问题。总结了15年来以中国科学院为核心的科研团队,联合吉林省农业部门、高校、地方农业科学院等相关单位,攻克保护性耕作技术在东北黑土地实施的难关,研发高性能免耕播种机和条带耕作机,以及秸秆覆盖还田宽窄行免耕、条带耕作、垄作少耕等技术,总结形成东北黑土地保护性耕作的"梨树模式"并进行示范推广的历程。同时,对保护性耕作技术在我国东北地区广泛应用后的效果进行了展望。
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| 关 键 词： | 黑土 保护 利用 保护性耕作 梨树模式 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/10/12 0:00:00 |
Research and Practice of Conservation Tillage in Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
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| AO Man,ZHANG Xudong,GUAN Yixin.Research and Practice of Conservation Tillage in Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2021,36(10):1203-1215. |
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| Authors: | AO Man ZHANG Xudong GUAN Yixin |
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| Institution: | Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;1 Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China |
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| Abstract: | Compared with soil degradation of black soil of other areas in the world, which caused by conventional tillage regarding as ploughed with residue return, soil degradation in Northeast China caused by rotary-till and residue remove or burning is more serious. Conservation tillage with residue cover and no or reduced tillage is one of the most important techniques for the protection and utilization of black soil. This paper briefly presents the derivation and definition of conservation tillage, and its main techniques in the world, as well as the issue of application and extension in China. Over the past 15 years, the expert team from Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), together with Jilin Province''s agricultural sector, universities, local academies of science, and other related units, overcame the barrier of demonstration and extension of conservation tillage in black soil region in Northeast China. They developed high performance no-till planter and strip-tiller, and proposed the techniques of wide-narrow row no-till, strip-till, ridge-till in Northeast China. This innovative application of conservation tillage in Northeast China is called Lishu model, and the effects of its wide extension in Northeast China is prospected. |
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| Keywords: | black soil conservation utilization conservation tillage Lishu model |
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