| 探析分类的根本依据和固有矛盾 |
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| 引用本文： | 杜静元.探析分类的根本依据和固有矛盾[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2014(6):102-107. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杜静元 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学中国社会管理研究院,北京100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助自主科研基金项目（项目批准号：SKZZX2013055） |
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| 摘 要： | 人类通过分类这种方法在环境中创造秩序与身份,使之化为社会文化,但同时也存在着相互矛盾和紧张的关系。涂而干和莫斯认为,情感是原始分类的根本依据,之后,科学的逻辑分类逐渐登上舞台。列维-斯特劳斯将源自不同文化和时代的分类体系之间繁多的转换与变异的图景看做是相互联系的。道格拉斯发现,人们所定义的洁净与肮脏并不由它本身决定,而在于它是否符合宗教文化的分类系统。本杰明·李·沃夫提出,人的思维是通过语言分类进行的,且不会超越语言分类。福柯认为,分类的根据就是其所定义的知识型。在知识考古学的方法下重新考察社会分类应该更注重分类的认识型、分类与社会的关联与断裂。对于分类产生的固有矛盾可以运用尼采哲学进行调解,一方面,我们承认,通过分类体系我们才成为生活在社会环境中的个体,另一方面,我们意识到这样做在逻辑上不可能一劳永逸,我们要把世界当做是艺术品,用尼采所说的诗意与美感来理解分类的固有矛盾。
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| 关 键 词： | 分类 根本依据 固有矛盾 知识考古学 尼采哲学 |
A Study of the Fundamental Basis and Inherent Contradictions of Classification |
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| DU Jing-yuan.A Study of the Fundamental Basis and Inherent Contradictions of Classification[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University(Humanities & Social Sciences),2014(6):102-107. |
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| Authors: | DU Jing-yuan |
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| Institution: | DU Jing-yuan ( China Academy of Social Management, Bering Normal University, Belling 100875, China ) |
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| Abstract: | From the perspective of human cognition,it is an achievement that human classified the world into different objects and relationships. Through this approach of classification,man creates order and identity and then makes it into social culture. But there are also contradictory and tense relations in the classification. Emile Durkheim and Marcel Mause believe that emotion is the fundamental basis of original classification and then scientific logic classification gradually replaces the emotion. Levi-Strauss takes the converting and variability classification systems which come from different cultures and eras as a whole picture. Douglas finds that people defined purity and dirty not by itself,but by whether it is consistent with the religious culture of the classification system. Benjamin Lee Whorf proposed human thinking is based on language classification,and does not go beyond the language classification. Foucault thinks that the classification is based on the definition of knowledge. Foucault thinks the classification is based on the definition of knowledge. Under the method of intellectual archeology,to re-examine the social classification should pay more attention to the type of the classification and the relevance and fracture between the classification and society. In addition,we also use Nietzsche＇s philosophical view to reconcile inherent contradiction of the classification. On the one hand,we acknowledge that man becomes individual and lives in the community environment by consciously creating a complex and incoherent classification system. On the other hand,we realize that doing so is impossible once and for all. We need to take the world as a work of art and understand inherent contradictions of classification with poetry and beauty which Nietzsche emphasized. |
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| Keywords: | classification fundamental basis inherent contradictions intellectual archeology Nietzsche philosophy |
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