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| 北方农牧交错带土地利用/覆被变化分析——以西辽河流域为例 | |
| 引用本文： | 张伟科,封志明,杨艳昭,孙小舟,游珍.北方农牧交错带土地利用/覆被变化分析——以西辽河流域为例[J].资源科学,2010,32(3). |
| 作者姓名： | 张伟科 封志明 杨艳昭 孙小舟 游珍 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049 2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101 3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京,100101;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049;襄樊学院,襄樊,441053 |
| 摘 要： | 以地处北方农牧交错带的西辽河流域为案例区,利用ArcGIS9.2软件平台,对1995年和2005年两期L andsat TM、MSS遥感影像进行目视解译,获取了西辽河流域10年间隔的土地利用/覆被遥感资料,分析了西辽河流域主要土地利用类型的数量及空间转移规律。研究结果显示:①1995年和2005年,西辽河流域土地覆被以草地和耕地为主,二者面积分别占全区的2/5和3/10,10年间土地利用整体特征并未发生重大改变;②西辽河流域绝大部分土地利用变化发生在耕地、草地和未利用土地3个地类,三者的变化绝对值约占全区的93.77%;③10年间北方农牧交错带各种土地类型之间发生了复杂的转移变化,其中草地是变化最剧烈的地类,共有7900.57km2草地转出和5417.20km2其它地类转入草地;④政策和人口增长可能是西辽河流域近年来土地利用变化的主要驱动力。 |
| 关 键 词： | 遥感 GIS 土地利用 覆被变化 西辽河流域 北方农牧交错带 |
Land Use and Cover Change over the Farming-Pastoral Zone of Northern China: A Case Study on the Xiliaohe Watershed |
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| Abstract: | Nowadays land use and cover change (LUCC) is not only one of core issues of global change but also plays a critical role in eco-environment construction, global environmental change and sustainable development. Land use and cover changes are the most prominent in the farming-pastoral zone of Northern China as a whole, which is located in the southeastern marginal zones of the Inner Mongolia Plateau and the northern part of the Loess Plateau. Due to being located in an environmentally and regionally sensitive region, the farming-pastoral zone of Northern China has become a hot area regarding land use and cover change. There have been numerous studies about LUCC in the farming-pastoral zone of Northern China since the beginning of the 21st century. The studies at the watershed scales have however been reported rarely. In the present paper, the authors performed a study on LUCC over the Xiliaohe watershed, located in the northeastern marginal zones of the farming-pastoral zone of Northern China during the period 1995-2005 using Landsat TM images and GIS techniques. In particular, the authors quantified changes in different kinds of land use types and analyzed their spatial variation trends and characteristics. Results are shown as follows. First, in two typical years of 1995 and 2005, overall land use characteristics of the Xiliaohe watershed changed slightly, but the internal structure for each kind of land use types changed significantly. It was found that from 1995 to 2005, grassland was the largest land use type and water bodies were the smallest one. Grassland and cultivated land were always major land use types during the 10 years, occupying approximately 2/5 and 3/10 of the total area, respectively. Second, most of land use changes occurred in grassland, cultivated land and unused land, showing their changes accounting for 93.77% of the total changes in the Xiliaohe watershed. Third, there exhibited complex changes among different land use types and the change of grassland was the most obvious. Overall, there were roughly 7900.57 km~2 grasslands converted to other land use types and 5417.20 km~2 converted to grasslands. Fourth, LUCC is indeed a complex system, which is affected by many factors interrelated with each other, including both socio-economic and natural environment factors. Major driving forces for land use and cover change in the Xiliaohe watershed were probably considered policy and population growth. The two economic factors affected the LUCC of the watershed to some extent. The pressure of population growth led to the growth of building sites and cultivated land. |
| Keywords: | Remote sensing GIS LUCC Xiliaohe watershed Farming-pastoral zone of northern China |
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