| 生物信息流操纵:作物病虫害导向性防控的新科学 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 钱韦,曲静,康乐.生物信息流操纵:作物病虫害导向性防控的新科学[J].中国科学院院刊,2017,32(8):805-813. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 钱韦 曲静 康乐 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国科学院微生物研究所 北京 100101,中国科学院北京生命科学研究院 北京 100101,中国科学院北京生命科学研究院 北京 100101;中国科学院动物研究所 北京 100101 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 中科院战略性先导科技专项（XDB11040700、XDB11010200） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 作物病虫害是威胁全世界农业生产的重大自然灾害。目前,病虫害防治的核心思想仍然是简单杀灭,主要依靠以病虫微生物的基础代谢、生理生化系统和神经受体为靶标的化学农药,过程中易导致人畜中毒、农产品污染和生态环境破坏等一系列严重的问题。下一代病虫害防治学术思想的重大突破将是对作物—昆虫—病原微生物生物间信息流及行为进行操纵。在基础研究方面,"生物间信息的识别、解码与操纵"也是现代生命科学的前沿与热点学科——生物间相互作用的分子机理一旦被阐明,往往带动通用生物技术的发展突破。例如RNA干扰(RNAi)现象、植物转化技术和TALEN基因组编辑技术等科学发现和技术进步,已经为整个生命科学领域作出了重大贡献。中科院"作物病虫害的导向性防控——生物间信息流与行为操纵"战略性先导科技专项(B类)集合了各学科的优势力量,系统地分析在作物重大病虫害发生过程中种间信息识别、解码、传递和控制的过程,从中解析关键可操纵节点,发展新一代病虫害田间行为操纵的新策略与新技术。该专项目前已经取得了系列重大研究成果,为竞争国际科学前沿地位、保障我国粮食生产安全作出了基础性、前瞻性的贡献。
|
| 关 键 词： | 作物 病虫害 生物互作 防控 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/7/17 0:00:00 |
Decoding Mechanisms of Bio-interactions for Targeted Management of Agricultural Pests |
| |
| Qian Wei,Qu Jing and Kang Le.Decoding Mechanisms of Bio-interactions for Targeted Management of Agricultural Pests[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2017,32(8):805-813. |
| |
| Authors: | Qian Wei Qu Jing and Kang Le |
| |
| Institution: | Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China,Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Pathogens and insect pests are the most formidable threats to sustainable crop production in China as well as the rest of the world. At present, the most common method of pest control is the use of chemical pesticides that target the basic metabolism, physiological and biochemical processes, and nerve receptors of pests and microbial organisms, leading to poisoning of humans and animals, agricultural pollution, and ecological damage. A great breakthrough in the next generation of pest control will be the artificial manipulation of bioinformation exchanges among crop, insect pests, and pathogenic microbial organisms. Decoding the molecular mechanisms of biointeractions is also one of the hot and frontier research areas in life sciences. The scientific discoveries and technological progress in this area, for example, the finding of RNAi phenomenon, discovery of immune receptor of eukaryotes, establishment of plant transformation technology and TALEN genome editing technology, have made paradigm shifts to the progress of entire life sciences. The strategic priority research project called Decoding the Mechanisms of Bio-interactions for Targeted Management of Agricultural Pests is the first and largest multi-disciplinary research program that sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The project aims to decode the complex biological interaction mechanisms and to translate basic research knowledge to cutting-edge approaches for smarter pest and disease managements. Within just a short period of three years, this project has made great progress. A series of high impact papers were published and it produced creative approaches for pest control. These significant achievements elevate the level of China''s insect and pathology sciences to a world-class and contribute to the crop protection from pest infections without compromising agricultural productivity and environmental health. |
| |
| Keywords: | crop pathogens and insect pests bio-interactions pest control |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国科学院院刊》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
