Measuring the holes of the ship: Global cost estimations of internal inefficiency in primary education |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Minnesota, United States;2. CAP-YEI, Kenya;1. Riverbend High School, Spotsylvania County, VA, USA;2. Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA;1. University of Windsor, 167 Ferry St., Windsor, Ontario, N9A0C5, Canada;2. University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, N9C4E1, Canada;1. School of Economic and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;2. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Using UNESCO-UIS data, this paper estimates the costs of internal inefficiency caused by dropouts and repetitions in primary education. Multiple imputation method is found essential to accurately estimate the costs of internal inefficiency. Globally, 8.1% of total public expenditure for primary education was wasted in 2011, a 3.4 percentage-point decrease from 2002. However, during the same period, total value of wastage increased by two billion USD to 32.6 billion USD, five times higher than total aid for primary education towards developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa remains as the region with significant needs for improvement in internal inefficiency. |
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| Keywords: | Primary education Internal inefficiency Dropout Repetition |
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