| 范文程与清初科举的明代模式移植之路简 |
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| 引用本文： | 宗韵.范文程与清初科举的明代模式移植之路简[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,46(1):85-91. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宗韵 |
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| 作者单位： | 华东师范大学古籍研究所，上海，２００２４１ |
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| 基金项目： | 本文为教育部人文社科青年基金项目《清代恩科研究》（１２ＹＪＣＺＨ３２２）的阶段性成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 清代定鼎之初，即走上了全面移植明代科举模式的道路。范文程是这项制度因袭运动的具体操作者。入关前，由皇太极授意，范文程在满洲政权内兴学校、开科举，已为恢复明代科举制度做好充分准备。入关后，范文程“士心得，则民心得”的观点深得清帝的认同；在实施科举的过程中，他亲任三届会试主考官，并参照明例，就完善科举制度细节提出诸多建设性意见。范文程之所以会成为清初科举“一沿明旧”的有力推手，虽与其本人的家世和汉文化功底不无关系，而清初皇帝笼络汉族士人、缓和民族矛盾的行政需要则是他发挥作用的前提和关键。
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| 关 键 词： | 清代 科举 范文程 模式移植 |
Fan Wencheng and the Transplantation of the Ming Dynasty Imperial Examination System in the Early Qing Dynasty |
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| ZONG Yun.Fan Wencheng and the Transplantation of the Ming Dynasty Imperial Examination System in the Early Qing Dynasty[J].Journal of East China Normal University :Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition,2014,46(1):85-91. |
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| Authors: | ZONG Yun |
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| Abstract: | The early Qing Dynasty witnessed the overall transplantation of the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty. It was Fan Wencheng who copied the system. Before Manchu government’s entering Shanhaiguan, Fan Wencheng, authorized by Hong Taiji, built schools and held imperial examinations under the regime of Manchu government so as to pave the way for recovering the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty. After the government’s entering Shanghaiguan, Fan Wencheng’s point of view that “if the hearts of literati and officialdom are won, the hearts of common people will be gained as well” was deeply approved by the Emperor. While implementing the imperial examination system, Fan Wencheng worked as the chief examinerof the metropolitan examinationfor three times and put forward many constructive suggestions about improving the imperial examination system referring to the practice in the Ming Dynasty. The reason why Fan Wencheng became a promoter of “copying the imperial examination system in the Ming Dynasty” in the early Qing Dynasty is obviously related to his family background and his knowledge about Han culture, but more profoundly is due to the Emperor’s policy of winning Han intellectuals over and alleviating contradictions among different peoples. |
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