| 1950年代归国留美科学家的归程及命运 |
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| 引用本文： | 王德禄,刘志光.1950年代归国留美科学家的归程及命运[J].科学文化评论,2012(1):68-87. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王德禄 刘志光 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市长城企业战略研究所;北京大学社会经济与文化研究中心 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文聚焦于50年代归国的留美科学家。他们是一个特殊的群体,在历史的风云际会中,这批科学家的命运体现在对政治与科学、去国与归国、个人与国家等多重相互交织的选择之中。他们大部分是抗战胜利后,通过国民党政府组织的留学考试出国的。50年代他们中很多人想回国为新成立的共和国服务,美国政府禁止他们回中国大陆,他们却想方设法,冲破重重阻力回到了中国。这些科学家在新学科的建制化、科学人才的培养以及为新中国经济建设和国防建设服务方面,尤其其中有些科学家在十二年科学规划的制订和＂两弹一星＂的研制方面,发挥了重要作用。这批科学家在历次政治运动,特别是反右和文革中受了很多冲击,有人被关入监狱,甚至有人自杀。在这批科学家身上能够见证科学与政治复杂的关系,能够见证冷战对科学发展的影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 留美科学家 科学与政治 冷战 |
The Home-Bound Journeys in the 1950s and Later Experiences of Some American-Trained Chinese Scientists |
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| Authors: | WANG Delu LIU Zhiguang |
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| Institution: | WANG Delu, LIU Zhiguang |
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| Abstract: | This paper focuses on a group of American-trained Chinese scientists who returned to China during the 1950s. They are a unique assembly, in the sense that their fate were closely entwined with their choices between politics and science, remaining abroad and returning home, personal interests and that of the country, etc., at a turning point of history. These scientists had gone to the United States to be students through the examinations organized by the Nanking government after the Anti-Japanese War. In 1950s, on completing their education, they made great efforts to come back home to render their service to the newly established government, despite bans of the US authorities and various difficulties. Afterwards, these scientists played important roles in a range of areas, such as disciplinary institutionalization, training of young scientists, and strengthening Chinese economy and national defence. What is more, some of them proved indispensable in the formulation of the Twelve Year Plan for Science and in the research and development of atomic bombs, hydrogen bomb and artificial satellites. Yet they suffered great wrongs and anguish in a series of political movements later on. Their fate bears witness to the intricate relationships between science and politics, as well as the impact of the Cold War to the process of science. |
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| Keywords: | American-trained Chinese scientists science and politics the Cold War |
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