| 大器晚成“:教育改变命运”的家族代际变迁及其双重面向 |
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| 引用本文： | 安超,康永久.大器晚成“:教育改变命运”的家族代际变迁及其双重面向[J].当代教育科学,2021(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 安超 康永久 |
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| 作者单位： | 清华大学社会科学学院;北京师范大学教育学部 |
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| 基金项目： | 全国教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度课题(教育部重点)“‘互联网+’背景下‘农二代’大学生创业与代际流动研究”(项目编号:DIA190417)的研究成果之一。 |
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| 摘 要： | "教育改变命运"作为一种现代话语实践,暗藏着对平民阶层读书人心性品质的刻板印象:一个是读书目的往往出于实用性、功利性考量(功利目光),一个是读书方法倾向于刻苦耐劳、听话顺从的去魅力化路径(平庸目光)。本研究通过口述史的方法,研究了山东省泰县鲍村X家族三个时期的教育生活史。研究发现:传统农耕时期,乡村民众除了养成一套基于生计、逃离苦役的实用性态度之外,还有对于读书、认字作为一种天道的道德敬畏,对教师作为天职的心灵托付,对学习乃"个人生成"的顺其自然的宿命观。在集体化时代,随着劳动价值的分化,读书、文字、教师的神圣性价值跌落了,50-60后族人对读书的实用性态度增强,并逐渐对独生子女一代产生了"教育改变命运"的强期待,尤其是编制期待与特权向往。在市场化时期,高学业竞争压力造就了70-80后的苦修性情,但他们在武侠、言情小说等闲书中保留了读书的纯粹面向,并孕育了具有反学校文化性质的"青春文学"。最终帮助平民子弟走出底层、实现突破的,并非"改变命运"的紧迫与功利,而是他们始终在世俗生活中保持了读书之"学以为己"与"成而为人"的纯粹精神与功德意识,体现了平民阶层读书人学习与成长内在的神圣性面向、能动的个体力量、丰厚的精神文化土壤,以及命运走向的多种可能。
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| 关 键 词： | 教育改变命运 道德敬畏 纯粹精神 功德意识 学以为己 成而为人 |
Learning for Oneself and Achieving for Others:Intergenerational Changes of"Education Changes Fate"in X Family and Its Dual Orientation |
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| An Chao,Kang Yongjiu.Learning for Oneself and Achieving for Others:Intergenerational Changes of"Education Changes Fate"in X Family and Its Dual Orientation[J].Contemporary Eductiaonal Science,2021(2). |
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| Authors: | An Chao Kang Yongjiu |
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| Institution: | (Tsinghua University;Beijing Normal University) |
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| Abstract: | "Education Changes Fate"as a modern discourse practice hides the stereotype of civilian’s posterity:one is that their learning purpose is practical and utilitarian;the other is that their learning methods tends to be hard-working,obedient and mediocre.This paper studies the educational life history of X family in Bao Village of Tai County in Shandong Province through oral history.In the traditional farming period,there are three cognitive:the practical attitude based on livelihood and escaping from hard labor,the moral reverence for education as sacred things,the spiritual trust for teachers as a vocation and a fatalistic view of"individual generation".In the era of collectivization,with the differentiation of labor value,the sacred values of reading,writing and teachers have declined.The post-50 s and 60 s have a stronger practical attitude towards reading and gradually have a stronger expectation of education to change fate especially.In the period of marketization,the pressure of academic competition has created the hard-working temperament.The 70-80 generations retain the pure orientation of reading in the martial arts,romance novels and other leisure books,and breed the Youth Literature with the nature of anti-school culture.Finally,it is not the urgency and utility of changing fate to help civilian’s posterity to get out of the underclass and make a breakthrough,but the pure spirit and moral consciousness of learning for themselves and achievement for people in secular life,which reflects the sacred orientation,active individual strength and rich spiritual of civilian’s posterity and cultural soil of Civil society and various possibilities of their life. |
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| Keywords: | education changes fate moral reverence pure spirit consciousness of merits and virtues learning for themselves and achieving for others |
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