| 学生合约与学生消费者：学习的市场化与高等教育公共产品性质的侵蚀 |
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| 引用本文： | 拉亚妮&#;奈杜,乔安娜&#;威廉斯.学生合约与学生消费者：学习的市场化与高等教育公共产品性质的侵蚀[J].北京大学教育评论,2014(01):36-52,188. |
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| 作者姓名： | 拉亚妮&#;奈杜 乔安娜&#;威廉斯 |
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| 作者单位： | 巴斯大学管理学院, 英国巴斯;肯特大学教学发展中心, 英国坎特伯雷 |
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| 摘 要： | 自20世纪80年代中期以来,全世界范围内接连出现的政府主导的改革将高等教育系统向"教科书般"经济市场越推越近已实施的改革包括公司化、引入竞争性资助、增加学费和其他费用、使用高校管理中产出模式和绩效报告。但是,没有一个国家面向本国学生的第一学位教育是按照真正的资本主义经济市场来运作的,没有研究型大学的发展是被股东、利润、市场份额、配置效率或商品形式所驱动的。在一些国家,只有职业培训和国际教育才会真正收取商业性质的学费。虽然高等教育中普遍存在激烈的竞争、企业家精神和消费者话语,但资本主义在其中没有一席之地;现有的高等教育市场充其量是一个受监管的准市场在许多国家,高等教育领域的"市场改革"不同于交通、通信、广播电视和医疗保险界的私有化和商业化。究其原因,本文发现真正的市场改革受制于高等教育领域特定的内在限度(公共产品、地位竞争)以及与这些限度相关的政治因素、高等教育市场改革计划在本质上是乌托邦式的,目前市场改革的抽象理想仍在持续并不是因为它具有真正实现的前景,而是由于外源性政策的推动(如财政缩减、政府控制等)。如果资本主义市场是无法实现的,为什么要继续假装它们可以实现呢?我们需要一个与教育系... 更多还原
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| 关 键 词： | 高等教育市场 新自由主义 新自由主义市场模型 |
Student Agreements and Student Consumers: The Marketization of Learning and the Erosion of Higher Education as a Public Good |
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| Rajani Naidoo and Joanna Williams.Student Agreements and Student Consumers: The Marketization of Learning and the Erosion of Higher Education as a Public Good[J].Peking University Education Review,2014(01):36-52,188. |
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| Authors: | Rajani Naidoo and Joanna Williams |
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| Abstract: | This article argues that attempts by various national governments to restructure higher education according to market principles have constructed the student consumer as a social category, thereby altering the nature, purpose, and values of higher education. A key government attempt to champion the rights of the student consumer has taken the form of institutional charters which indicate the level of services students can expect to receive and what they will be expected to do in return. We employ the conceptual framework of Pierre Bourdieu to analyze the organizational characteristics and the dynamics of practice within institutions, paying particular attention to the impact on students and learning processes, and on the academic practices of faculty.By studying the production and provision of institutional information created to enhance the workings of the market, we suggest a particular image of higher education is promoted to prospective students, which simultaneously serves to regulate the expectations of current students. This suggests that information is not neutral but constructs a particular concept of the student experience that affects student identity and reinforces the student as consumer model. In this regard, we argue that the balance of the concept of higher education as a public and private good is reconstructed according to the changed social, economic, and political environment. We conclude that in academic and policy discourses, a focus on consumerism places externaiy-driven, instrumental aims upon universities which reinforce current notions of education as a private investment. |
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