| 我国小麦族的形态演化与分类、分布的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭本兆,王世金,李健华.我国小麦族的形态演化与分类、分布的研究[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,1985,23(3):161-169. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭本兆 王世金 李健华 |
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| 作者单位： | (中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁) |
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| 摘 要： | 本文以演化形态为基础，结合地理分布和生境条件，研究了中国小麦族的分类和属
间的亲缘关系。 小麦族的穗状花序可认为由雀麦族的圆锥花序和短柄草族的总状花序演化而来，演化路 线可归纳为：1．圆锥花序的各级花序柄缩短直接形成圆锥穗状花序，具不定数小穗或假单生小穗，其颖与外稃的中线及小穗轴不在同一面上。2．圆锥花序简化为总状花序后小穗柄再缩短，形成简单穗状花序，具真单生小穗，其颖、稃的中线与小穗轴处于同一面上。 3．聚伞圆锥花序简缩为聚伞穗状花序，具三联小穗，其居中小穗的颖位于外稃的背面，侧小穗的颖位于外稃 的侧面。据此，根据小麦族颖、外稃的形态和其它性状、生境、分布，国产的和引种的小麦族植物可分为13个属(赖草属、披碱草属、鹅观草属、偃麦草属、山羊草属、小麦属、冰草属、旱麦草属、黑麦属、簇毛麦属、新麦草属、大麦属和猬草属)，本文主要讨论了它们之间的亲缘关系。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦族 分类 分布 |
Studies on Morphological Evolution, Classification and Distribution of the Triticeae in China |
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| Kuo Pen-Chao,Wang Shi-Jin,Li Jian-Hua.Studies on Morphological Evolution, Classification and Distribution of the Triticeae in China[J].Journal of the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,1985,23(3):161-169. |
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| Authors: | Kuo Pen-Chao Wang Shi-Jin Li Jian-Hua |
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| Institution: | (Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, Xining) |
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| Abstract: | The classification and the relationships among the genera of Chinese
Triticeae were studied based on morphological characters with reference to geographi-
cal distribution and habitat conditions.
The spike of Triticeae might have been derived from a panicled inflorescence like
that in the Bromeae through a racemose inflorescence like the one in the Brachypodie-
ae. There might be three evolutionary lines in the tribe.
1. Pedicels of the panicled inflorescence have become short and bracts decreased
in size, which has resulted in a panicled spike with indefinite spikelets or false solitary
spikelets at each node of rachis. The middle ribes of both glumes and lemmas and ra-
chilla are not in a single plane. 2. A simple spike with usual solitary spikelets at each
node of rachis has been derived from the raceme. The middle ribe of both glumes and
lemmas and rachilla are in a single plane. 3. A cymose spike with 3-spikelets at each
node of rachis has evolved from the cymose panicle. The glume on the central spikelet
is behind the lemma, while those on the lateral spikelets are on lateral sides of the lem-
mas.
From what we have described above Triticeae may be divided into three subtribes:
Elyminae, Triticinae and Hordeinae. Then according to the morphological characters
of glume, lemma and other organs as well as the habitats and distribution, the native and
introduced triticeous plants are classified into 13 genera (Leymus, Elymus, Roegneria,
Elytrigia, Aegilops, Triticum, Agropyron, Eremopyrum, Secale, Haynaldia, Psathyrosta-
chys, Hordeum and Hystrix) and their relationships are also discussed meanwhile. |
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| Keywords: | Triticeae Classification Distribution |
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