| 论20世纪70年代石油危机下的美国石油安全政策 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐孝明.论20世纪70年代石油危机下的美国石油安全政策[J].天水师范学院学报,2012,32(1):31-35. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐孝明 |
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| 作者单位： | 湛江师范学院历史系,广东湛江,524048 |
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| 摘 要： | 为化解两次国际石油危机对美国及其西方盟国等石油进口国带来的巨大冲击及防止未来再次爆发石油冲击，美国政府采取了一系列措施以确保石油安全，这些措施既有国内方面的，如节约能源，调整经济结构；建立战略石油储备体系；增加国内石油生产和实行能源消费结构多样化，也有国际层面的，如推出新中东政策，减少阿拉伯产油国发动石油禁运的动机；建立国际能源组织，以消费国的集体行动应对产油国的集体行动；实现石油进口来源多元化，减少对中东石油的依赖。这些措施在不同程度上保护了未来美国及其盟国的石油安全。但同时美国并没有建立起类似于国际货币机制和国际贸易机制那样稳定有效的综合石油安全机制。
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| 关 键 词： | 石油危机 石油权力 石油安全 战略石油储备 |
On the U.S. Oil Security Policy in the Oil Crises of 1970s |
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| Xu Xiaoming.On the U.S. Oil Security Policy in the Oil Crises of 1970s[J].Journal of Tianshui Normal University,2012,32(1):31-35. |
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| Authors: | Xu Xiaoming |
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| Institution: | Xu Xiaoming(Department of History,Zhanjiang Normal University,Zhanjiang Guangdong524048,China) |
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| Abstract: | To remove the enormous impacts of the two oil crises on the U.S.and the western oil-importing countries,and to prevent the outbreak of the future oil shocks,the American administration took a series of measures at home and abroad to ensure oil security,such as energy saving,economic structure adjusting,setting up strategic reserve,increasing domestic oil production and diversify energy structure,introducing new Middle East policy to reduce the possibility of Arab oil producers to launch oil embargo,and establishing the International Energy Agency,and so on.All the measures produced good results.The essay also examines the noteworthy features of the U.S.oil security policy,such as,America did not establish stable effective comprehensive oil security mechanisms,American oil policy in the service of its general strategy to the Soviet Union in the background of the cold war,the American oil companies acted as a powerful tool to realize the foreign policy goals of U.S.. |
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| Keywords: | oil crisis oil power oil security strategic oil reserve |
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