| 足球比赛的负荷量化-结构、方法和特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 缪律,史国生,黎涌明.足球比赛的负荷量化-结构、方法和特征[J].成都体育学院学报,2020(2):93-99,106. |
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| 作者姓名： | 缪律 史国生 黎涌明 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海体育学院体育教育训练学院;南京体育学院党政办公室 |
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| 基金项目： | 江苏省“运动与健康工程”协同创新中心研究成果;南京体育学院科研培育项目(PY201916)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 足球比赛负荷是球员在比赛情景下完成各类动作所承受的物理、生理和心理等方面刺激之和。比赛负荷的量化结构分为外部和内部负荷,外部负荷的量化方法包括人工视频分析技术、自动轨迹追踪技术和全球定位设备,通过球员体能或技术表现的负荷量和强度来评定足球比赛中的行为活动特点,外部负荷特征表现为间歇性运动下频繁变向和短距离变速跑,高比例的中低强度无球跑穿插较少的高强度带球跑。内部负荷的量化方法包括耗氧量、心率和血乳酸等指标的测定,通过上述指标的变化幅度来评定足球比赛中的能量代谢水平;内部负荷特征表现为有氧供能为主、无氧磷酸原和糖酵解供能交替进行。现有研究局限为外部负荷低估了变向运动对足球比赛负荷的影响,内部负荷无法概括正式比赛的供能特征等。未来可尝试在优化量化方法基础上结合内外负荷,从而更精准地量化比赛负荷。
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| 关 键 词： | 足球 负荷量化 间歇 变向 能量消耗 |
Load Quantization in Soccer Match:Structure,Methods and Characteristics |
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| MIAO Lv,SHI Guosheng,LI Yongming.Load Quantization in Soccer Match:Structure,Methods and Characteristics[J].Journal of Chengdu Physical Education Institute,2020(2):93-99,106. |
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| Authors: | MIAO Lv SHI Guosheng LI Yongming |
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| Institution: | (College of Physical Education and Sport Training,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438;College Office,Nan-jing Sport Institute,Nanjing Jiangsu,210014) |
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| Abstract: | Soccer match load is the sum of physical,physiological and psychological stimuli that a player bears in performing various actions in the match.The quantitative structure of match load is divided into external and internal load.The methods of quantifying external load include artificial video analysis technology,automatic trajectory tracking technology,and global positioning equipment.The load or intensity of a player’s physical strength or technical performance is used to evaluate the characteristics of his/her behavior and activity in soccer match.External load is mainly characterized by intermittent activities with changing directions and short distance running with changing velocity,and higher proportion of mid to low-intensity ball-free running combined lower proportion of high-intensity running with the ball.The methods of quantifying internal load include measurement of oxygen consumption,heart rate and blood lactic acid,and the changes in the above indicators are used to assess the energy metabolism level of players in soccer matches.Internal load is mainly characterized by aerobic energy supply together with alteration of anaerobic phosphate and glycolytic energy supply.The limitations of existing research are that the external load underestimates the impact of the changes of direction on the load of players in soccer match,and the internal load cannot summarize the energy supply characteristics in formal match.In the future,we can try to combine the internal and external load through optimizing quantization method to quantify the match load more accurately. |
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| Keywords: | soccer load quantization intermittent change of direction energy consumption |
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