| 《民法典》视野下体育运动致害的损失分担——基于公平责任司法适用的实证研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 柯友乐.《民法典》视野下体育运动致害的损失分担——基于公平责任司法适用的实证研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2021,55(9):37-45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 柯友乐 |
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| 作者单位： | 中南财经政法大学 法学院, 湖北 武汉 430073 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社会科学基金重点项目"中国债法上返还责任规则的统一建构"（20AZD119）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 作为损失分担规则，公平责任在体育运动致害案件的适用中存在争议。我国民事立法对公平责任的适用范围经历了由宽松到严格限制的过程。通过对体育运动致害案件民事裁判文书的实证研究发现：司法实践中，法官在公平责任的适用条件和赔偿范围上都超越了其应有的内涵，自甘风险规则也并非体育运动致害的免责事由。《民法典》对公平责任适用范围的严格限制和自甘风险规则的确立，体现了我国法治的进步，有利于体育运动的积极开展。后民法典时代，体育运动致害案件中损失的分担，一方面需要建立完善的保险制度，另一方面需要在《民法典》的规则体系之下，通过民法解释学对公平责任和自甘风险的适用规则进行阐释。在极端案件中，应当肯定公平责任的适用，以实现其背后所体现的矫正正义。
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| 关 键 词： | 民法典 体育运动致害 公平责任 自甘风险 保险 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-24 |
Sharing of Losses Caused by Sports under Civil Code Based on Empirical Research on Judicial Application of Equitable Liability |
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| KE Youle.Sharing of Losses Caused by Sports under Civil Code Based on Empirical Research on Judicial Application of Equitable Liability[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education,2021,55(9):37-45. |
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| Authors: | KE Youle |
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| Institution: | Law School, Zhongnan Univ. of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China |
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| Abstract: | As a rule of loss sharing, equitable liability is controversial in the application of sports injury cases. The scope of application of equitable liability in China's civil legislation has undergone the process from loose to strict restriction. Empirical researches on civil judgment documents in sports-related cases showed that in judicial practice, judges had exceeded their due connotations in terms of the applicable conditions and scope of compensation for equitable liability, and the assumption of risk rule was not caused by sports. The Civil Code's strict restrictions on equitable liability and the establishment of self-contained risk rules reflected the progress of the rule of law in China and were conducive to the active development of sports. In the post-Civil Code era, the sharing of losses in sports injury cases required the establishment of a complete insurance system on the one hand, and on the other hand, under the rule system of the Civil Code, the equitable liability and assumption of risk must be established through civil law interpretation. The rules were explained. In extreme cases, the application of equitable liability should be affirmed in order to realize the corrective justice embodied behind it. |
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| Keywords: | Civil Code sports harm equitable liability assumption of risk insurance |
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