| 运动员兴奋剂违纪重大过错的认定——以莎拉波娃案为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭树理.运动员兴奋剂违纪重大过错的认定——以莎拉波娃案为例[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(4):50-60. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭树理 |
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| 作者单位： | 苏州大学 王健法学院, 江苏高校区域法治发展协同创新中心, 江苏 苏州 215006 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金重大项目（16ZDA225）阶段性成果。 |
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| 摘 要： | 体育仲裁院（CAS）仲裁庭认定俄罗斯著名运动员莎拉波娃的兴奋剂违纪行为并非故意，且不构成重大过错，将她的禁赛期由2年减缩到15个月。但该案的裁决存在若干问题。运动员在没有医药专业背景或专业人士的帮助下自行核对兴奋剂禁用清单存在重大风险。适用于马术案件的“委托理论”对其他体育项目内的兴奋剂案件并不合适，代理人的错误应当由运动员本人承担责任。运动员在兴奋剂检测时故意隐瞒自己的药物使用情况可能构成重大过错的证据之一。由于运动员有义务知悉禁用清单的内容，体育组织未能即时告知禁用清单新修订的情况并不能减轻运动员兴奋剂违纪的过错。违禁物质的代谢时间长可能会对判断运动员的过错程度产生影响。在认定运动员兴奋剂违纪的故意时，以客观主义的解释方法代替主观主义的解释方法，来分析运动员对兴奋剂违纪高风险的认知程度，更有利于打击兴奋剂违纪行为。
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| 关 键 词： | 体育仲裁 兴奋剂 禁用清单 重大过失 故意 |
Identification of Significant Fault of Athlete Doping Violation in Perspective of Sharapova's Case |
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| GUO Shuli.Identification of Significant Fault of Athlete Doping Violation in Perspective of Sharapova's Case[J].Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education,2017,51(4):50-60. |
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| Authors: | GUO Shuli |
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| Institution: | Kenneth Wang Law School of Soochow Univ., Suzhou 215006, China |
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| Abstract: | The Sharapova arbitral panel of Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ruled that she did not violate the anti-doping rules intentionally and did not constitute significant fault. Therefore, her 2-year doping ban reduced to 15 months. However, there were mistakes of this reduction. Without the medical education backgrounds or the help from the medical team, there was a great risk for the athletes to check the doping prohibited list by themselves. The delegation doctrine applied in the doping case of equestrian was not applicable to other sports while the mistakes by the agency should contribute to the fault of the athletes. The deliberate refusal to disclosure the medicines being taken by the athletes during the doping testing might constitute one of the evidences of significant faults. Since the athletes had the duty to acquaint the doping prohibited list, the failing of the sports federations to inform the new revise of the list to the athletes should not mitigate the fault of the doping athletes. The metabolism time of the prohibited substance might have influence on the identification of the fault of the doping athletes. In the process of judging the intention of the doping athletes, it was more efficient to apply the objectivism doctrine instead of the subjectivism doctrine to analysis the degree of the perception of the athletes to the risk of doping violation to clear up the doping scandals. |
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| Keywords: | doping prohibited list significant fault intention |
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