Spike jump biomechanics in male versus female elite volleyball players |
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| Authors: | Philip X Fuchs Hans-Joachim Karl Menzel Flavia Guidotti Jeffrey Bell Serge P von Duvillard Herbert Wagner |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria;2. Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italyphilip.fuchs@sbg.ac.at https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-8301;4. Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazilhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7448-9636;5. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy;6. Science Department, Southwest Minnesota State University, Marshall, MN, USA |
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| Abstract: | ABSTRACTThere are well-known biological differences between women and men, especially in technical-coordinative variations that contribute to sex differences in performance of complex movements like the most important offensive action in volleyball, the spike jump. The aim of this study was to investigate sex-dependent performance and biomechanical characteristics in the volleyball spike jump. Thirty female and male sub-elite volleyball players were analysed while striking a stationary ball with maximal spike jump height. Twelve MX13 Vicon cameras with a cluster marker set, two AMTI force plates, surface EMG, and a Full-Body 3D model in Visual3D were used. Main findings include sex differences (P< .05) in jump height (pη2 = .73), approach speed (pη2 = .61), step length], transition strategy plant angle, neuromuscular activation (pη2 = .91), horizontal force maxima and impulses], acceleration distances centre of mass displacement (pη2 = .21), minimal knee and hip angles], use of torso and arms incline, angular velocity (pη2 = .23)]. Correlations support that the results cannot be explained fully by strength and power differences between sexes but represent the product of technical-coordinative variations. Their relevance is acknowledged for both sexes and numerous performance determinants displayed sex differences. The integration of such attributes into sex-specific training seems promising but its effect requires further investigation. |
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| Keywords: | Three-Dimensional (3D) analysis kinesiology kinetics sex performance |
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![ORCID Icon]({"type":"image","src":"/templates/jsp/images/orcid.png"} "ORCID Icon")
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7463-8301;4. Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil