| 排球运动员接发球过程中视觉搜索特征的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 肖坤鹏,孙建华.排球运动员接发球过程中视觉搜索特征的研究[J].体育科学,2012,32(9):67-74. |
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| 作者姓名： | 肖坤鹏 孙建华 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春,130024 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助，吉林省体育局重大课题 |
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| 摘 要： | 以33名不同水平排球运动员为被试,将时间阻断范式、眼动记录技术相结合,探讨排球运动员接发球过程中的视觉搜索特征。结果表明:在接发球过程中,不同水平排球运动员的视觉搜索特征存在显著差异。优秀排球运动员可以根据运动情景中任务的变化迅速调整视觉搜索模式,在接发球的预期阶段采用了注视次数少、注视持续时间长、眼跳距离小、注视轨迹简单、集中的搜索模式;在动作操作阶段采用了注视次数多、注视持续时间短、眼跳距离大、注视轨迹分散成网状的搜索模式。优秀排球运动员对发球落点进行预判时,在反应时和准确性指标上存在明显的优势,但是,随着运动水平的提高,反应准确性不是优秀排球运动员预期能力的主要区分标准。提示:对于测试、评价运动员在运动情景中的信息加工处理能力不能根据单一运动情景的眼动特征进行,要综合运动情景中的不同任务的眼动指标和行为预判探讨运动员在运动过程中的视觉搜索特征。
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| 关 键 词： | 排球 运动员 接发球过程 视觉搜索 |
Research on Features of Visual Search in the Process of Receiving and Serving of Volleyball Athletes |
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| XIAO Kun-peng
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SUN Jian-hua.Research on Features of Visual Search in the Process of Receiving and Serving of Volleyball Athletes[J].China Sport Science,2012,32(9):67-74. |
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| Authors: | XIAO Kun-peng SUN Jian-hua |
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| Institution: | Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China. |
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| Abstract: | In this study,33 volleyball athletes of different levels are selected as subjects,and the combination of time block and ocular movement recording methods are employed to research on the features of visual search in the process of receiving and serving of the players.The result shows that there exist significant differences in the features of visual search of volleyball athletes of different levels during the process of receiving and serving.Elite volleyball players can adjust their visual search mode swiftly according to the changes of tasks in different sport situations.In their pre receiving and serving stage,the search mode consists of lower frequency of watching,longer duration of watching,shorter saccade distance and relatively simple and concentrated trajectory of watching.In the stage of execution,the search mode adopted includes higher frequency of watching,shorter duration of watching,greater saccade distance and trajectory of watching scattered reticular.There is obvious advantage in response time and accuracy for elite volleyball players predicting the landing point.However,as they level up,response accuracy turns out not to be the chief criterion in judging their ability of anticipation.It is suggested that rather than test and evaluate the players’ ability of information processing in different sport situations on the basis of the features of eye movement in a single situation,features of the players’ visual search should be evaluated through indexes of eye movement and response predictions according to different tasks in sport situations. |
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| Keywords: | volleyball athlete process of receiving and serving visual search |
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