The carbon footprint of active sport participants |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Kinesiology, 50 Field House Drive, Room 112, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;2. Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Room 104J – SAC E, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA;1. Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;2. Oklahoma State University, 111 S. Hester Street, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;3. Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Rd, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA;4. Florida State University, 600 W College Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;1. Department of Animal Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia;2. Department of Management, Sport and Tourism, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic, Australia;3. Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia;1. Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management, Griffith Business School, Business Building 2, Parklands Avenue, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia;2. Cities Research Institute, Griffith University, Bridge Lane, off Edmund Rice Drive, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia;1. Student, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India;2. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India;3. Student, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076;4. Associate Professor, Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas,Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 |
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| Abstract: | Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs. |
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| Keywords: | Carbon dioxide emissions Climate change Environment Physical activity Sport tourism |
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