| 3周1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 蔡旭旦,毛丽娟,张蓓,黎涌明,陈小平.3周1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分影响研究[J].中国体育科技,2022(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 蔡旭旦 毛丽娟 张蓓 黎涌明 陈小平 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京师范大学;上海体育学院;国家体育总局冬季运动管理中心;中国奥委会奥运备战办公室;国家体育总局体育科学研究所;宁波大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300901);国家社会科学基金项目(19BTY099);国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本业务费资助项目(基本18-20);国家留学基金资助项目(201808310192)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的:探究3周海拔1550 m亚高原训练对优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员生理机能和身体成分的影响,并且提出针对性的备战训练建议。方法:国家越野滑雪集训队10名优秀青年男子越野滑雪运动员年龄(18.7±1.5)岁,身高(78.5±5.8)cm,体质量(66.6±4.7)kg]在亚高原(海拔1550 m)进行3周训练,并在亚高原训练前后对运动员的生理机能和身体成分进行系列测试。使用重复方差分析对运动员数据进行自身比较。结果:运动员由平原初上亚高原时,乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度显著提升(P<0.05),最大摄氧量和红细胞浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。经过3周训练后,运动员的乳酸阈测试血乳酸浓度和最大摄氧量显著下降(P<0.05),全身总质量、上肢肌肉质量和下肢脂肪质量显著提升(P<0.05)。结论:由平原初上亚高原时,运动员乳酸阈能力和最大摄氧能力显著降低。3周亚高原训练后,运动员的乳酸阈能力和上肢肌肉水平显著提升,最大摄氧能力下降幅度明显。建议:在进行亚高原训练时,我国优秀青年越野滑雪运动员应当注重对心肺摄氧能力的训练,并且注意提升周平均高强度训练(high intensity training,HIT)训练总时间,以维持和提升最大摄氧能力。
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| 关 键 词： | 亚高原训练 越野滑雪 北京冬奥会 |
Effects of Three Weeks 1550 m Moderate Altitude Training on Physiological Capacity and Body Composition of High Level Young Male Cross-Country Skiers |
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| CAI Xudan,MAO Lijuan,ZHANG Bei,LI Yongming,CHEN Xiaoping.Effects of Three Weeks 1550 m Moderate Altitude Training on Physiological Capacity and Body Composition of High Level Young Male Cross-Country Skiers[J].China Sport Science and Technology,2022(1). |
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| Authors: | CAI Xudan MAO Lijuan ZHANG Bei LI Yongming CHEN Xiaoping |
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| Institution: | (Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;China Winter Sports Administration,General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100763,China;Olympic Games Preparation Office of China Olympic Committee,Beijing 100763,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China) |
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| Abstract: | Objective:To explore the effects of 3 weeks of 1500 m moderate altitude training on the physiological capacity and body composition of high level young male cross-country skiers,and providing specific training suggestions.Methods:Ten high level young cross-country skiersAge:(18.7±1.5)years old;height:(178.5±5.8)cm;weight:(66.6±4.7)kg]of Chinese national crosscountry skiing team trained at moderate altitude(altitude 1550 m)for 3 weeks,and taking part the tests of physiological capacity and body composition before and after the moderate altitude training.Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compared with athletes themselves.Results:When the athletes arriving the moderate altitude from the plain,the blood lactate concentration of lactate threshold test improved significantly(P<0.05),the maximal oxygen uptake volume and red cell concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05).After 3 weeks training at moderate altitude,the blood lactate concentration of lactate threshold test and the maximal oxygen uptake volume decreased significantly(P<0.05);the whole body mass,arms’lean mass and legs’fat mass of athletes improved significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:When arrived moderate altitude from the plain,the lactate threshold capacity and maximal oxygen uptake capacity of athletes decreased significantly.After 3 weeks training at moderate altitude,the lactate threshold capacity and the arms’lean mass of athletes improved significantly,the maximal oxygen uptake capacity of athletes decreased significantly.It suggest that during the training process of moderate altitude,Chinese high level young cross-country skiers should pay attention on the training of oxygen uptake capacity of cardiovascular system and improve the weekly HIT hours to maintain and improve the maximal oxygen uptake capacity. |
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| Keywords: | moderate altitude training cross-country skiing Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
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