Does endurance training improve red blood cell aging and hemorheology in moderate-trained healthy individuals? |
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| Authors: | Daniel A Bizjak Fabian Tomschi Gunnar Bales Elie Nader Marc Romana Philippe Connes Wilhelm Bloch Marijke Grau |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany;2. Laboratoire LIBM EA7424–Equipe “Biologie Vasculaire et du Globule Rouge”, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69100, France;3. Laboratoire d''Excellence du Globule Rouge GR-Ex, Paris 75015, France;4. Université des Antilles, Inserm, Unité Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, CHU de Pointe à Pitre, Pointe à Pitre, Guadeloupe 97157, France;5. Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France;6. The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne 50933, Germany |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo examine the impact of a 6-week endurance training on red blood cell (RBC) aging and deformability of healthy participants to detect possible improved hemorheological and performance-related adaptations.MethodsA total of 31 participants (17 females and 14 males) performed a 6-week moderate training protocol (three 1-h running sessions per week at 70% of maximal heart rate). Blood was sampled before and after the training. RBCs from each participant were fractioned according to density and age into 4 RBC subfractions. Subfractions were examined for changes of RBC properties, including aging distribution, RBC deformability, RBC microparticles, and phosphatidylserine concentrations. RBC and plasma nitrite levels were measured as indicators of nitric oxide metabolism.ResultsAerobic performance, peak oxygen consumption, ventilatory thresholds, velocity at the aerobic–anaerobic threshold, and lactate at exhaustion improved after training. The relative amount of both young RBCs and old RBCs increased, and the amount of the main RBC fraction decreased. Phosphatidylserine externalization and RBC-derived microparticles decreased. Overall deformability expressed as shear stress required to achieve half-maximum deformation to theoretical maximal elongation index at infinite shear stress improved in unfractioned RBCs (p < 0.001). Nitrite decreased in total (p = 0.001), young (p < 0.001), main (p < 0.001), and old (p = 0.020) aged RBCs and in plasma (p = 0.002), but not in very old RBCs.ConclusionThese results indicate that non-endurance-trained healthy participants benefit from a regular moderate running training program because performance-related parameters improve and a younger RBC population with improved RBC properties is induced, which might support oxygen supply in the microcirculation. |
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| Keywords: | Cellular adaptation Hemorheology Nitric oxide Performance RBC physiology and aging |
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